-
Characterization of Cetacean Morbillivirus in Humpback Whales, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Derek B. de Amorim, Laura J. de Camargo, Paula R. Ribeiro, Renata da F. Budaszewski, Jean Carlo O. Menegatt, Milena C. Paz, Lucas T. de Castro, Paula R. Almeida, Juliana C. Olegário, Cláudio W. Canal, Luciana Sonne
Cetacean morbillivirus is an etiologic agent associated with strandings of live and dead cetacean species occurring sporadically or as epizootics worldwide. We report 2 cases of cetacean morbillivirus in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Brazil and describe the anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization findings in the specimens.
-
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients with Hantavirus Infection, Austria Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Stefan Hatzl, Laura Scholz, Florian Posch, Philipp Eller, Alexander C. Reisinger, Martin Zacharias, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Martin Hoenigl, Ines Zollner-Schwetz, Robert Krause
We investigated a cohort of 370 patients in Austria with hantavirus infections (7.8% ICU admission rate) and detected 2 cases (cumulative incidence 7%) of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; 1 patient died. Hantavirus-associated pulmonary aspergillosis may complicate the course of critically ill patients who have hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
-
Molecular Identification of Fonsecaea monophora, Novel Agent of Fungal Brain Abscess Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Sudesh Gourav, Gagandeep Singh, Mragnayani Pandey, Bhaskar Rana, Sonakshi Gupta, Himanshu Mishra, Immaculata Xess
A 3-year-old patient in Inida experiencing headaches and seizures was diagnosed with a fungal infection, initially misidentified as Cladophialophora bantiana. Follow-up sequencing identified the isolate to be Fonsecaea monophora fungus. This case demonstrates the use of molecular methods for the correct identification of F. monophora, an agent of fungal brain abscess.
-
Burkholderia semiarida as Cause of Recurrent Pulmonary Infection in Immunocompetent Patient, China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Dai Kuang, Feng Liu, Shen Tian, Wei Liu, Anyang Li, Yujing Zhou, Huaping Huang, Qianfeng Xia
Burkholderia semiarida was previously identified solely as a plant pathogen within the Burkholderia cepacia complex. We present a case in China involving recurrent pneumonia attributed to B. semiarida infection. Of note, the infection manifested in an immunocompetent patient with no associated primary diseases and endured for >3 years.
-
Antibodies to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Hunting Dogs Retrieving Wild Fowl, Washington, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Justin D. Brown, Adam Black, Katherine H. Haman, Diego G. Diel, Vickie E. Ramirez, Rachel S. Ziejka, Hannah T. Fenelon, Peter M. Rabinowitz, Lila Stevens, Rebecca Poulson, David E. Stallknecht
We detected antibodies to H5 and N1 subtype influenza A viruses in 4/194 (2%) dogs from Washington, USA, that hunted or engaged in hunt tests and training with wild birds. Historical data provided by dog owners showed seropositive dogs had high levels of exposure to waterfowl.
-
Emerging Variants of Canine Enteric Coronavirus Associated with Outbreaks of Gastroenteric Disease Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Edward Cunningham-Oakes, Jack Pilgrim, Alistair C. Darby, Charlotte Appleton, Chris Jewell, Barry Rowlingson, Carmen Tamayo Cuartero, Richard Newton, Fernando Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Ivo Salgueiro Fins, Bethaney Brant, Shirley Smith, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Simon R. Clegg, Ashley P.E. Roberts, Stefan H. Millson, Gina L. Pinchbeck, P.-J.M. Noble, Alan D. Radford
A 2022 canine gastroenteritis outbreak in the United Kingdom was associated with circulation of a new canine enteric coronavirus closely related to a 2020 variant with an additional spike gene recombination. The variants are unrelated to canine enteric coronavirus–like viruses associated with human disease but represent a model for coronavirus population adaptation.
-
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Microsporidia in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Immunocompetent Patients, Czech Republic Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Bohumil Sak, Katka Mansfeldová, Klára Brdíčková, Petra Gottliebová, Elka Nyčová, Nikola Holubová, Jana Fenclová, Marta Kicia, Żaneta Zajączkowska, Martin Kváč
We retrospectively analyzed of 211 frozen cerebrospinal fluid samples from immunocompetent persons in the Czech Republic and detected 6 Encephalitozoon cuniculi–positive samples. Microsporidiosis is generally underestimated and patients are not usually tested for microsporidia, but latent infection in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients can cause serious complications if not detected and treated
-
Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum Infection in Coyotes from Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Patsy A. Zendejas-Heredia, Joby Robleto-Quesada, Alberto Solano, Alicia Rojas, Vito Colella
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the second most common hookworm infecting humans in the Asia-Pacific region. Recent reports suggest presence of the parasite in the Americas. We report A. ceylanicum infections in coyotes from the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Our findings call for active surveillance in humans and animals.
-
Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence, Japan, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Ryo Kinoshita, Sho Miyamoto, Shoko Sakuraba, Jun Sugihara, Motoi Suzuki, Tadaki Suzuki, Daisuke Yoneoka
We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Japan during July–August 2023, with a focus on 2 key age groups, 0–15 and >80 years. We estimated overall seroprevalence of 45.3% for nucleocapsid antibodies and 95.4% for spike antibodies and found notable maternally derived spike antibodies in infants 6–11 months of age (90.0%).
-
SARS-CoV-2 in Captive Nonhuman Primates, Spain, 2020–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 David Cano-Terriza, Adrián Beato-Benítez, Leira Fernández-Bastit, Joaquim Segalés, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Eva Martínez-Nevado, Andrea Carretero, Dietmar Crailsheim, Pilar Soriano, Javier Planas, Mario Torro, Ignacio García-Bocanegra
We conducted a serologic and molecular study to assess exposure of captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the 2020–2023 COVID-19 pandemic. We found limited exposure of NHPs to SARS-CoV-2. Biosafety measures must be strictly maintained to avoid SARS-CoV-2 reverse-zoonotic transmission in the human–NHP interface.
-
Incubation Period and Serial Interval of Mpox in 2022 Global Outbreak Compared with Historical Estimates Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Luis Ponce, Natalie M. Linton, Wu Han Toh, Hao-Yuan Cheng, Robin N. Thompson, Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov, Jonathan Dushoff
Understanding changes in the transmission dynamics of mpox requires comparing recent estimates of key epidemiologic parameters with historical data. We derived historical estimates for the incubation period and serial interval for mpox and contrasted them with pooled estimates from the 2022 outbreak. Our findings show the pooled mean infection-to-onset incubation period was 8.1 days for the 2022 outbreak
-
Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization and Fatality Rates in the Prevaccination Period, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Isabel Griffin, Jessica King, B. Casey Lyons, Alyson L. Singleton, Xidong Deng, Beau B. Bruce, Patricia M. Griffin
Few precise estimates of hospitalization and fatality rates from COVID-19 exist for naive populations, especially within demographic subgroups. We estimated rates among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States during May 1–December 1, 2020, before vaccines became available. Both rates generally increased with age; fatality rates were highest for persons >85 years of age (24%) and lowest
-
Trends in Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals during COVID-19 Pandemic, South Korea Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Taehee Chang, Sung-il Cho, Dae sung Yoo, Kyung-Duk Min
We investigated trends in notifiable infectious diseases in both humans and animals during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea and compared those data against expected trends had nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) not been implemented. We found that human respiratory infectious diseases other than COVID-19 decreased by an average of 54.7% after NPIs were introduced. On the basis of that trend
-
SARS-CoV-2 Disease Severity and Cycle Threshold Values in Children Infected during Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Periods, Colorado, USA, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Laura Bankers, Shannon C. O’Brien, Diana M. Tapay, Erin Ho, Isaac Armistead, Alexis Burakoff, Samuel R. Dominguez, Shannon R. Matzinger
In adults, viral load and disease severity can differ by SARS-CoV-2 variant, patterns less understood in children. We evaluated symptomatology, cycle threshold (Ct) values, and SARS-CoV-2 variants among 2,299 pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients (0–21 years of age) in Colorado, USA, to determine whether children infected with Delta or Omicron had different symptom severity or Ct values than during earlier
-
Population Effectiveness of Dolutegravir Implementation in Uganda - A Prospective Observational Cohort Study (DISCO): 48-week Results J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Suzanne M McCluskey, Winnie R Muyindike, Victoria Nanfuka, Daniel Omoding, Nimusiima Komukama, Ian T Barigye, Lydia Kansiime, Justus Tumusiime, Taing N Aung, Ashley Stuckwisch, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Vincent C Marconi, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa, Deenan Pillay, Jennifer Giandhari, Richard Lessells, Ravindra K Gupta, Mark J Siedner
Background Tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) is the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for people with HIV (PWH), including those who were previously virologically suppressed on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). We sought to estimate the real-world effectiveness of the TLD transition in Ugandan public-sector clinics. Methods We conducted a prospective
-
Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Linked to Foods Eligible for Irradiation, United States, 2009–2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Marta Zlotnick, Taylor Eisenstein, Misha Park Robyn, Katherine E. Marshall
Food irradiation can reduce foodborne illnesses but is rarely used in the United States. We determined whether outbreaks related to Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes were linked to irradiation-eligible foods. Of 482 outbreaks, 155 (32.2%) were linked to an irradiation-eligible food, none of which were known to be irradiated.
-
Choanephora infundibulifera Rhinosinusitis in Man with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Tennessee, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Anita Max, Heather L. Glasgow, Teresa C.B. Santiago, Ashley Holland, Hiroto Inaba, Connie F. Cañete-Gibas, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Randall T. Hayden, Elisabeth E. Adderson
Choanephora infundibulifera is a member of the Mucorales order of fungi. The species is associated with plants as a saprophyte or parasite and may be responsible for spoilage or disease but is an uncommon cause of human infection. We describe C. infundibulifera rhinosinusitis in a young man with leukemia in Tennessee, USA.
-
Follow-Up Study of Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against All-Type and Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Denmark Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Katrine Finderup Nielsen, Lise Birk Nielsen, Tine Dalby, Frederikke Kristensen Lomholt, Hans-Christian Slotved, Kurt Fuursted, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Palle Valentiner-Branth
As a follow-up to a previous study, we investigated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among 1,254,498 persons >65 years of age as part of a vaccination program in Denmark during April 2020–January 2023. We assessed VE by using a Cox regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and underlying conditions. Using
-
Severe Human Parainfluenza Virus Community- and Healthcare-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults at Tertiary Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, 2010–2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Joung Ha Park, Sang-Bum Hong, Jin Won Huh, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Heungsup Sung, Kyung Hyun Do, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh, Sang-Ho Choi
The characteristics of severe human parainfluenza virus (HPIV)–associated pneumonia in adults have not been well evaluated. We investigated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 143 patients with severe HPIV-associated pneumonia during 2010–2019. HPIV was the most common cause (25.2%) of severe virus-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia and the third most common cause (15.7%) of severe virus-associated
-
Electronic Health Record–Based Algorithm for Monitoring Respiratory Virus–Like Illness Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Noelle M. Cocoros, Karen Eberhardt, Vu-Thuy Nguyen, Catherine M. Brown, Alfred DeMaria, Lawrence C. Madoff, Liisa M. Randall, Michael Klompas
Viral respiratory illness surveillance has traditionally focused on single pathogens (e.g., influenza) and required fever to identify influenza-like illness (ILI). We developed an automated system applying both laboratory test and syndrome criteria to electronic health records from 3 practice groups in Massachusetts, USA, to monitor trends in respiratory viral–like illness (RAVIOLI) across multiple
-
Pharmaco-virological outcomes and genotypic resistance profiles among children and adolescents receiving a DTG-based regimen in Togo Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Yao Rodion Konu, Elom Takassi, Gilles Peytavin, Nina Dapam, Florence Damond, Wone Adama Oumarou, Meryem Zaidi, Anna-Maria Franco-Yusti, Claver A Dagnra, Quentin Le Hingrat, Romain Coppée, Diane Descamps, Fatoumata Binta Tidiane Diallo, Didier K Ekouevi, Charlotte Charpentier
Background Few data are available on the real-world efficacy of receiving tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (DTG) as HIV treatment, particularly among young people in West Africa. Here, we evaluated pharmaco-virological outcomes and resistance profiles among Togolese children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé, Togo, enrolling antiretroviral-treated people with HIV
-
Enhanced tuberculosis diagnosis with computer-aided chest X-ray and urine LAM in adults with HIV admitted to hospital (CASTLE study): A cluster randomised trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Rachael M Burke, Saulos K Nyirenda, Timeo Mtenga, Hussein H Twabi, Elizabeth Joekes, Naomi F Walker, Rose Nyirenda, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Marriott Nliwasa, Katherine Fielding, Peter MacPherson, Elizabeth L Corbett
Background People with HIV (PHIV) admitted to hospital have high mortality, with tuberculosis (TB) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes. Methods We conducted a cluster randomised trial among adult PHIV admitted to Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. Admission-days were randomly assigned to: enhanced TB diagnostics using
-
High Prevalence of Unconfirmed Positive HIV PCR Test Results among African Infants with HIV Exposure in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 James G Carlucci, Thomas Huntington, Karl-Günter Technau, Marcel Yotebieng, Valériane Leroy, Kim Anderson, Madeleine Amorissani-Folquet, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Andrew Edmonds
In a large, multi-regional cohort of African infants with HIV exposure, 44% of those with a positive HIV PCR lacked a confirmatory positive test. Efforts are needed to ensure high-fidelity implementation of HIV testing algorithms, so that all positive results are confirmed thereby reducing the risk of potentially false-positive results.
-
Lowering the Acquisition of Multi-drug Resistant Organism (MDROs) with Pulsed-xenon (LAMP) Study: a cluster randomized controlled, double-blinded, interventional crossover trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Sorabh Dhar, Chetan Jinadatha, Paul E Kilgore, Oryan Henig, George W Divine, Erika N Todter, John D Coppin, Marissa J Carter, Teena Chopra, Steve Egbert, Philip C Carling, Keith S Kaye
Background Environmental disinfection is essential for reducing spread of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Previous studies report conflicting results regarding the effects of ultraviolet light (UV) in reducing infections. This trial evaluated the impact of adding pulsed xenon UV (PX-UV) to standard terminal cleaning in reducing environmentally-implicated HAIs (eiHAIs). Methods The LAMP trial
-
Quantifying the Time to Administer Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: A Missed Opportunity to Compensate for the Value of Infectious Diseases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Asher J Schranz, Michael Swartwood, Madison Ponder, Renae Boerneke, Teresa Oosterwyk, Angela Perhac, Claire E Farel, Alan C Kinlaw
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) relies on substantial uncompensated provider time. In this study of a large academic OPAT program, the median amount of unbilled OPAT management time was 27 minutes per week, per OPAT course. These data should inform benchmarks in pursuing novel payment approaches for OPAT.
-
Influence of Antibiotic Exposure Intensity on the Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Michael J Ray, Luke C Strnad, Kendall J Tucker, Jon P Furuno, Eric T Lofgren, Caitlin M McCracken, Hiro Park, Jeffrey S Gerber, Jessina C McGregor
Background Antibiotics are a strong risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and CDI incidence is often measured as an important outcome metric for antimicrobial stewardship interventions aiming to reduce antibiotic use. However, risk of CDI from antibiotics varies by agent and dependent on the intensity (i.e., spectrum and duration) of antibiotic therapy. Thus, the impact of stewardship
-
The capsular polysaccharide obstructs wall teichoic acid functions in Staphylococcus aureus J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Esther Lehmann, Rob van Dalen, Lisa Gritsch, Christoph Slavetinsky, Natalya Korn, Carina Rohmer, Daniela Krause, Andreas Peschel, Christopher Weidenmaier, Christiane Wolz
Background The cell envelope of Staphylococcus aureus contains two major secondary cell wall glycopolymers: capsular polysaccharide (CP) and wall teichoic acid (WTA). Both the CP and the WTA are attached to the cell wall and play distinct roles in S. aureus colonization, pathogenesis, and bacterial evasion of host immune defenses. Objective We aimed to investigate whether CP interferes with WTA-mediated
-
Hemagglutinin stalk-specific Fc-mediated functions are associated with protection against influenza-illness after seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Boitumelo M Motsoeneng, Nisha Dhar, Marta C Nunes, Florian Krammer, Shabir A Madhi, Penny L Moore, Simone I Richardson
Background Several influenza vaccine candidates aim to elicit antibodies against the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain. Understanding the protective mechanism of these antibodies, which mediate broad neutralization and Fc-mediated functions, following seasonal vaccination is critical. Methods Plasma samples were obtained from a subset of pregnant women living with or without HIV-1 enrolled in a
-
Longitudinal analysis of nursing home residents’ T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations shows influence of biological sex and SARS-CoV-2 infection history J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Carson L Smith, Elise Didion, Htin Aung, Banumathi Tamilselvan, Taissa Bej, Oladayo Oyebanji, Carey L Shive, Brigid M Wilson, Mark Cameron, Cheryl Cameron, Stefan Gravenstein, David Canaday
Background Vaccines and vaccine boosting have blunted excess morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection suffered by older nursing home residents (NHR). However, the impact of repeated vaccination on the T cell response based on biological sex and prior infection of NHR remain understudied. Methods We examined T cell responses to mRNA vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of NHR and healthcare workers
-
Distinct gut microbiota signatures associated with progression of atherosclerosis in people living with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Mar Masiá, José A García, Javier García-Abellán, Sergio Padilla, Marta Fernández-González, Vanesa Agulló, Maria José Gosalbes, Sonia Ruíz-Pérez, Paula Mascarell, Angela Botella, Félix Gutiérrez
Background The relationship of microbiota composition dynamics and the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown. Methods 96-week, prospective, longitudinal study in virologically-suppressed PWH. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements and stool samples were obtained at baseline, 48-week and 96-week visits. cIMT progression was defined as an increase
-
Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infection recurrences in a large U.S. integrated health care system J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Jennifer H Ku, Sara Y Tartof, Richard Contreras, Bradley K Ackerson, Lie H Chen, Iris A C Reyes, Michele Pellegrini, Johannes E Schmidt, Katia J Bruxvoort
Background Data on antibiotic resistance of uropathogens for UTI recurrences are lacking. Methods In a retrospective cohort of adults at Kaiser Permanente Southern California with culture-confirmed index uncomplicated UTI (uUTI) between 01/2016 and 12/2020, we examined the number and characteristics of subsequent culture-confirmed UTIs through 2021. Results We identified 148,994 individuals with a
-
Doff Thy Gown — Shedding Contact Precautions for COVID-19 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Alexander S Rabin, Linsey C Marr, Henry M Blumberg
SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted through aerosols (i.e., airborne transmission), however, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continue to recommend the use of contact precautions (a gown and gloves) for the care of patients with COVID-19. Infection prevention guidelines should reflect the current science and eliminate this wasteful practice.
-
Assessment of spillover of antimicrobial resistance to untreated children 7 to 12 years old after mass drug administration of azithromycin for child survival in Niger: a secondary analysis of the MORDOR cluster-randomized trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Brittany Peterson, Ahmed M Arzika, Abdou Amza, Ramatou Maliki, Alio Mankara Karamba, Mariama Moussa, Mariama Kemago, Zijun Liu, Eric Houpt, Jie Liu, Suporn Pholwat, Thuy Doan, Travis Porco, Jeremy D Keenan, Thomas M Lietman, Kieran S O’Brien
Background The risk of antibiotic resistance is complicated by the potential for spillover effects from one treated population to another. Azithromycin mass drug administration programs report higher rates of antibiotic resistance among treatment arms in targeted groups. This study aims to understand the risk of spillover of antibiotic resistance to non-target groups in these programs. Methods Data
-
Assessment of the Impact of RNase in Patients With Severe Fatigue Related to Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC): A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of RSLV-132 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 James S Andrews, Jim B Boonyaratanakornkit, Eva Krusinska, Suzanne Allen, James A Posada
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and RNA debris persist in viral reservoirs for weeks to months following infection, potentially triggering interferon production and chronic inflammation. RSLV-132 is a biologic drug composed of catalytically active human RNase1 fused to human IgG1 Fc and is designed to remain in circulation and digest extracellular RNA. We
-
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Diseases Outcomes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Angela Meier, George Sakoulas, Victor Nizet, Erlinda R Ulloa
Neutrophils possess a diverse repertoire of pathogen clearance mechanisms, one of which is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response
-
Epidemic Features and Megagenomic Analysis of Childhood Mycoplasma Pneumoniae post COVID-19 Pandemic: A 6-year Study in Southern China Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Yi Xu, Chen Yang, Panpan Sun, Fansen Zeng, Qian Wang, Jianlong Wu, Chunxiao Fang, Che Zhang, Jinping Wang, Yiling Gu, Xiaohuan Wu, Xiaoxian Zhang, Bin Yang, Juhua Yang, Hongwei Zhang, Jiacee Lian, Jinqiu Zhang, Li Huang, Qizhou Lian
With the atypical rise of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (MPI) in 2023, prompt studies are needed to determine the current epidemic features and risk factors with emerging trends of MPI to furnish...
-
Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (IF 36.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Abbas YadegarHaggai Bar-YosephTanya Marie MonaghanSepideh PakpourAndrea SeverinoEd J. KuijperWiep Klaas SmitsElisabeth M. TerveerSukanya NeupaneAli Nabavi-RadJavad SadeghiGiovanni CammarotaGianluca IaniroEstello Nap-HillDickson LeungKaren WongDina Kao1Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
-
Effect of Myxoma Virus Species Jump on Iberian Hare Populations Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Beatriz Cardoso, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, João Queirós, Javier Fernández-López, Paulo C. Alves, Pelayo Acevedo
The myxoma virus species jump from European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) to Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) has raised concerns. We assess the decline suffered by Iberian hare populations on the Iberian Peninsula and discuss the association between the effect of myxomatosis and the average abundance index, which we estimated by using hunting bags.
-
Social Factors Associated with Congenital Syphilis in Missouri Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Elizabeth Daniels, Andrew Atkinson, Nicholas Cardoza, Aditi Ramakrishnan, Denise Willers, Hilary Reno
Background Congenital syphilis disproportionately affects individuals impacted by adverse social determinants of health. Understanding these determinants may help facilitate holistic care. Methods We performed a retrospective review of mother-infant dyads with potential congenital syphilis in a Missouri hospital system. Cases were classified per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical scenarios
-
Associations between antiretroviral regimen and changes in blood pressure: results from the D2EFT study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Phyo Pyae Nyein, Kathy Petoumenos, Margaret Borok, Nnakelu Eriobu, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Iskandar Azwa, Sounkalo Dao, Mohamed Cisse, Nila J Dharan, Josh Hanson, Gail V Matthews
In this randomised, controlled study in 14 low- and middle-income countries, individuals taking dolutegravir with darunavir/ritonavir for 48 weeks had a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than individuals taking two nucleoside reverse transcriptase with darunavir/ritonavir. The difference remained significant after controlling for confounding factors including weight gain.
-
Efficacy of a novel affitoxin targeting MOMP against Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro and in vivo J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Mingyang Li, Jia Yang, Luqi Zhou, Jing Zhang, Yang Li, Jun Chen, Haiyan Dong, Lifang Zhang, Shanli Zhu
Targeted therapy is an attractive approach for treating infectious diseases. Affibody molecules have similar capability to antibodies that facilitate molecular recognition in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Targeting major outer membrane protein (MOMP) for treating infection of Chlamydia trachomatis, one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens, is a promising therapeutic approach
-
Redox biomarkers in asymptomatic latent human tuberculosis: a comparison with active disease J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Sara Petrillo, Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio, Andrea Quatrana, Annapaola Santoro, Caterina Torda, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Massimiliano Raponi, Salvatore Zaffina, Fiorella Piemonte
Background The latent TB infection (LTBI) is an asymptomatic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.bt). Previous studies have shown a host-protective role for Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during Mtb infection and an important involvement of Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) in the necrotic pathology of the disease. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggested a crucial role for Glutathione in the
-
Humoral correlates of protection against influenza A H3N2 virus infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Gregory Hoy, Daniel Stadlbauer, Angel Balmaseda, Guillermina Kuan, Roger López, Juan Manuel Carreno Quiroz, Sergio Ojeda, Nery Sánchez, Temima Yellin, Miguel Plazaola, Aaron Frutos, Florian Krammer, Aubree Gordon
Background Influenza virus remains a threat to human health, but gaps remain in our knowledge of the humoral correlates of protection against influenza virus A/H3N2, limiting our ability to generate effective, broadly protective vaccines. The role of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, a highly conserved but immunologically sub-dominant region, has not been established for influenza virus
-
Declining antibody affinity over time after human vaccination with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite vaccine candidate J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Kristina E M Persson, Jessica L Horton, Liriye Kurtovic, James S McCarthy, Robin F Anders, James G Beeson
Maintaining high affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a Phase 1 malaria vaccine trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12-months, suggesting poor maintenance of high affinity antibodies.
-
ZMapp reduces diffusion of Ebola viral particles in fresh human cervicovaginal mucus Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Alison Schaefer, Bing Yang, Holly A. Schroeder, Dimple Harit, Mike S. Humphry, Larry Zeitlin, Kevin J Whaley, Jacques Ravel, William A Fischer, Samuel K. Lai
Vaginal transmission from semen of male Ebola virus (EBOV) survivors has been implicated as a potential origin of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks. While EBOV in semen must traverse cervicovagin...
-
Pigs are highly susceptible to but do not transmit mink-derived highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Taeyong Kwon, Jessie D. Trujillo, Mariano Carossino, Eu Lim Lyoo, Chester D. McDowell, Konner Cool, Franco S. Matias-Ferreyra, Trushar Jeevan, Igor Morozov, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, Richard J. Webby, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Juergen A. Richt
Rapid evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is driven by antigenic drift but also by reassortment, which might result in robust replication in and transmission to mammals....
-
Human Passage of Schistosoma incognitum, Tamil Nadu, India, and Review of Autochthonous Schistosomiasis, South Asia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Sitara S.R. Ajjampur, Rajiv Sarkar, Richard S. Bradbury
A fecal survey in Tamil Nadu, India, revealed 2 persons passed schistosome eggs, later identified as Schistosoma incognitum, a parasite of pigs, dogs, and rats. We investigated those cases and reviewed autochthonous schistosomiasis cases from India and Nepal. Whether the 2 new cases represent true infection or spurious passage is undetermined.
-
Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Seals, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Stéphane Lair, Louise Quesnel, Anthony V. Signore, Pauline Delnatte, Carissa Embury-Hyatt, Marie-Soleil Nadeau, Oliver Lung, Shannon T. Ferrell, Robert Michaud, Yohannes Berhane
We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, in 2022. Fifteen (56%) of the seals submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected by HPAI H5N1 containing fully Eurasian or Eurasian/North American genome
-
Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Following Prior Infection or Vaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Joseph E Ebinger, Nancy Sun, Sandy Y Joung, John Michael S Sanchez, Minhao Wang, Yunxian Liu, John C Prostko, Edwin C Frias, James L Stewart, Mallory Heath, Brian L Claggett, Susan Cheng, Kimia Sobhani
Background The extent to which infection versus vaccination has conferred similarly durable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity during the Omicron era remains unclear. Methods In a cohort of 4496 adults under continued serological surveillance throughout the first year of Omicron-predominant SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we examined incidence of new infection among individuals
-
Clinical and Microbial Determinants of Upper Respiratory Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Native Microbiota in People with HIV-1 and Control Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Lindsay K Nicholson, Jennifer M Kofonow, Charles E Robertson, Timothy Wright, Qing Li, Edward M Gardner, Daniel N Frank, Edward N Janoff
Background The substantial risk for respiratory and invasive infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) among people with HIV-1 (PWH) begins with asymptomatic colonization. The frequency of Spn colonization among U.S. adults with and without HIV-1 infection is not well-characterized in the conjugate vaccine era. Methods We determined Spn colonization frequency by culture and specific lytA gene
-
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Adenovirus 40/41, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Kansas City 2011-2016 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Marta Diez-Valcarce, Jennifer L Cannon, Hannah Browne, Kenny Nguyen, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Kirsten Weltmer, Brian R Lee, Ferdaus Hassan, Debarpan Dhar, Mary E Wikswo, Daniel C Payne, Aaron T Curns, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jan Vinjé
Background Most U.S. acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episodes in children are attributed to norovirus, whereas very little information is available on adenovirus 40/41 (AdV40/41), astrovirus or sapovirus. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) conducted prospective, active, population-based AGE surveillance in young children. Methods We tested and typed stool specimens collected between December 2011
-
Triggering Toll-Like Receptor 5 signaling during pneumococcal superinfection prevents the selection of antibiotic resistance J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Charlotte Costa, Jean-Claude Sirard, Paddy S Gibson, Jan-Willem Veening, Erida Gjini, Mara Baldry
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling plays a key role in antibacterial defenses. We previously showed that respiratory administration of flagellin, a potent TLR5 agonist, in combination with amoxicillin improves the treatment of primary pneumonia or superinfection caused by amoxicillin-sensitive or -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here, the impact of adjunct flagellin therapy on antibiotic dose/regimen
-
Informing the Need for a SARS-CoV-2 Booster Based Upon the Immune Responses among Young Healthy Adults to Variants Circulating in Late 2023 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Huy C Nguyen, Kerri G Lal, Corey A Balinsky, Robert D Hontz, Jin Lin, Matthew J Beye, Lauren Smith, Li Pan, Ying Cheng, Isabella Fox, Stephen E Lizewski, Hayley S Foo, Shelly J Krebs, Peifang Sun, Andrew G Letizia
Background COVID-19 remains a global public health challenge due to new immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants and heterogeneous immunity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the adaptive immune responses in U.S. active-duty personnel who completed a COVID-19 primary vaccine series and with heterogenous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection histories to 3 previously dominant variants (Ancestral
-
Identification of two novel subtypes of hepatitis C virus genotype 8 and a potential new genotype successfully treated with direct acting antivirals J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Jean L Mbisa, Zena Lapp, David F Bibby, Laura T Phillips, Carmen F Manso, Simon Packer, Ruth Simmons, Kathryn Harris, Jaiganesh Mohan, Lalitha Chinnappan, Thomas Leitner, Daniel Bradshaw
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a high genetic diversity and is classified into 8 genotypes and over 90 subtypes with some endemic to specific world regions. This could compromise direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficacy and global HCV elimination. Methods We characterised HCV subtypes ‘rare’ to the UK (non-1a/1b/2b/3a/4d) by whole genome sequencing via a national surveillance programme. Genetic
-
Intentions of healthcare seeking and self-isolation for MPOX among men who have sex with men in China: a national cross-sectional study Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Fangfang Chen, Peilong Li, Weiming Tang, Huaijin Chen, Jinrui Zhang, Qianqian Qin, Yichen Jin, Lin Ge, Jie Yang, Dongmin Li, Fan Lv, Houlin Tang
Linking identified MPOX cases to care is essential for MPOX control. This study aims to investigate the intentions of healthcare seeking and self-isolation for MPOX among men who have sex with men ...
-
Experimental Inoculation of Pigs with Monkeypox Virus Results in Productive Infection and Transmission to Sentinels Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Emily Mantlo, Jessie D. Trujillo, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Igor Morozov, Charles E. Lewis, Franco Matias-Ferreyra, Chester McDowell, Dashzeveg Bold, Taeyong Kwon, Konner Cool, Velmurugan Balaraman, Daniel Madden, Bianca Artiaga, Jayme Souza-Neto, Jeffrey B. Doty, Mariano Carossino, Udeni Balasuriya, William C. Wilson, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Lisa Hensley, Juergen A. Richt
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a re-emerging zoonotic poxvirus responsible for producing skin lesions in humans. Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the 2022 outbreak with a clade IIb strain has resulted in ...
-
Porin Deficiency or Plasmid Copy Number Increase Mediated Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Resistance Evolution Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Guoxiu Xiang, Zhiwei Zhao, Shebin Zhang, Yimei Cai, Yuting He, Jianming Zeng, Cha Chen, Bin Huang
This study investigated resistance evolution mechanisms of conjugated plasmids and bacterial hosts under different concentrations of antibiotic pressure.Ancestral strain ECNX52 was constructed by i...
-
Plasmodium vivax Infections among Immigrants from China Traveling to the United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Paloma Khamly, Nahel Kapadia, Minette Umali-Wilcox, Susan M. Butler-Wu, Kusha Davar
Beginning in 2023, we observed increased Plasmodium vivax malaria cases at an institution in Los Angeles, California, USA. Most cases were among migrants from China who traveled to the United States through South and Central America. US clinicians should be aware of possible P. vivax malaria among immigrants from China.
-
Emergence of Group B Streptococcus Disease in Pigs and Porcupines, Italy Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Chiara Anna Garbarino, Simone Bariselli, Giovanni Pupillo, Patrizia Bassi, Andrea Luppi, Roberta Taddei, Alessandro Reggiani, Elisa Massella, Matteo Ricchi, Elena Carra, Ruth N. Zadoks
We describe group B Streptococcus linked to disease in farmed pigs and wild porcupines in Italy. Occurrence in pigs was attributed to transmission from nonpasteurized bovine milk whey. Antimicrobial-resistance profiles in isolates from porcupines suggest no common source of infection. Our findings expand the known host range for group B Streptococcus disease.
-
Yersinia ruckeri Infection and Enteric Redmouth Disease among Endangered Chinese Sturgeons, China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Yibin Yang, Shijian Xu, Hao He, Xia Zhu, Yongtao Liu, Mou Hu, Bobin Jiang, Yuqiang Li, Xiaohui Ai, Fu Guihong, Hongyu Zhang
During October 2022, enteric redmouth disease (ERM) affected Chinese sturgeons at a farm in Hubei, China, causing mass mortality. Affected fish exhibited characteristic red mouth and intestinal inflammation. Investigation led to isolation of a prominent bacterial strain, zhx1, from the internal organs and intestines of affected fish. Artificial infection experiments confirmed the role of zhx1 as the