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Enhanced response of soil respiration to experimental warming upon thermokarst formation Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Guanqin Wang, Yunfeng Peng, Leiyi Chen, Benjamin W. Abbott, Philippe Ciais, Luyao Kang, Yang Liu, Qinlu Li, Josep Peñuelas, Shuqi Qin, Pete Smith, Yutong Song, Jens Strauss, Jun Wang, Bin Wei, Jianchun Yu, Dianye Zhang, Yuanhe Yang
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Earth Virtualization Engines (EVE) Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Bjorn Stevens, Stefan Adami, Tariq Ali, Hartwig Anzt, Zafer Aslan, Sabine Attinger, Jaana Bäck, Johanna Baehr, Peter Bauer, Natacha Bernier, Bob Bishop, Hendryk Bockelmann, Sandrine Bony, Guy Brasseur, David N. Bresch, Sean Breyer, Gilbert Brunet, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Junji Cao, Christelle Castet, Yafang Cheng, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Deborah Coen, Susanne Crewell, Atish Dabholkar, Qing Dai, Francisco
Abstract not available
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Simbi: historical hydro-meteorological time series and signatures for 24 catchments in Haiti Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Ralph Bathelemy, Pierre Brigode, Vazken Andréassian, Charles Perrin, Vincent Moron, Cédric Gaucherel, Emmanuel Tric, Dominique Boisson
Abstract. Haiti, a Caribbean country, is highly vulnerable to hydroclimatic hazards due to heavy rainfall, which is partly linked to tropical cyclones. Additionally, its steep slopes generate flash floods, particularly in small catchments. Moreover, the hydrology of this region remains poorly understood and understudied. Unfortunately, there is no accessible database for the scientific community to
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Lagrangian surface drifter observations in the North Sea: an overview of high-resolution tidal dynamics and surface currents Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Lisa Deyle, Thomas H. Badewien, Oliver Wurl, Jens Meyerjürgens
Abstract. A dataset of 85 Lagrangian surface drifter trajectories covering the central North Sea area and the Skagerrak from 2017–2021 of 17 deployments is presented. The data have been quality-controlled, uniformly structured, and assimilated in a standard NetCDF format (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963166, Meyerjürgens et al., 2023a). Using appropriate methods presented in detail here, surface
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The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, Robert M. Key
Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major
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Why it was right to reject the Anthropocene as a geological epoch Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Letter to the Editor
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How to stop students cramming for exams? Send them to sea Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Snippets from Nature’s past.
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Corrosion is a global menace to crucial infrastructure — act to stop the rot now Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Letter to the Editor
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Zoos should focus on animal welfare before claiming to champion conservation Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Letter to the Editor
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Climate-targets group should rescind its endorsement of carbon offsets Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Letter to the Editor
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First fetus-to-fetus transplant demonstrated in rats Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
The tissue developed into functioning kidneys and produced urine.
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What China’s mission to collect rocks from the far side could reveal about the Moon Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
The Chang’e-6 mission aims to land in the Moon’s oldest and largest crater, collect rocks, and bring them back to Earth.
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Why doing science is difficult in India today Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
With an election under way, the future of Indian science is on the ballot. Encouraging research and critical thinking should be a priority for the new government.
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Do cutting-edge CAR-T-cell therapies cause cancer? What the data say Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Regulators have identified around 30 cases of cancer linked to this blockbuster treatment. But is CAR T to blame? The hunt is on for answers.
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Epic blazes threaten Arctic permafrost. Can fire-fighters save it? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
Some scientists argue that it’s time to rethink the blanket policy of letting blazes burn themselves out in northern wildernesses.
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How reliable is this research? Tool flags papers discussed on PubPeer Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
Browser plug-in alerts users when studies — or their references — have been posted on a site known for raising integrity concerns.
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‘ChatGPT for CRISPR’ creates new gene-editing tools Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
Some of the AI-designed gene editors could be more versatile than those found in nature.
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Jet activity on Enceladus linked to tidally driven strike-slip motion along tiger stripes Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Alexander Berne, Mark Simons, James T. Keane, Erin J. Leonard, Ryan S. Park
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Amplified positive effects on air quality, health, and renewable energy under China’s carbon neutral target Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Yue Qin, Mi Zhou, Yueting Hao, Xin Huang, Dan Tong, Liangdian Huang, Chuan Zhang, Jing Cheng, Weiyi Gu, Licheng Wang, Xiaojia He, Derong Zhou, Qi Chen, Aijun Ding, Tong Zhu
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I strive to make the Great Barrier Reef more resilient to heat stress Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
Matthew Nitschke grows coral symbionts in a slowly warming tank to prepare reef life for climate change.
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Superconductivity hunt gets boost from China's $220 million physics 'playground' Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
From extreme cold to strong magnets and high pressures, the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF) provides conditions for researching these potential wonder materials.
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Elephant-nose fish ‘see’ farther by electric sensing when in groups Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
The elephant-nose fish detects electric pulses from its neighbours to extend the distance over which it senses objects.
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85 million cells — and counting — at your fingertips Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29
Chan Zuckerberg CELL by GENE Discover aims to be a one-stop shop for single-cell RNA sequencing data storage, access and analysis.
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Daily briefing: Gaze upon the most detailed Moon maps ever made Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
The new Geologic Atlas took more than 100 researchers over a decade to compile. Plus, how gliding marsupials got their ‘wings’ and H5N1 bird flu virus material has been detected in US milk.
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Global 1 km land surface parameters for kilometer-scale Earth system modeling Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Lingcheng Li, Gautam Bisht, Dalei Hao, L. Ruby Leung
Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (“k-scale”). However, the surface parameters for land surface models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse-resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to
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The first hillslope thermokarst inventory for the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Xiaoqing Peng, Guangshang Yang, Oliver W. Frauenfeld, Xuanjia Li, Weiwei Tian, Guanqun Chen, Yuan Huang, Gang Wei, Jing Luo, Cuicui Mu, Fujun Niu
Abstract. Climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances result in permafrost degradation in cold regions, including in the Qilian Mountains. These changes lead to extensive hillslope thermokarst (HT) formation, such as retrogressive thaw slumps, active-layer detachment slides, and thermal erosion gullies. These in turn cause, e.g., degradation of local vegetation, economic losses, infrastructure damages
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A general approach for selection of epitope-directed binders to proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jie Zhou, Chau Q. Le, Yun Zhang, James A. Wells
Directing antibodies to a particular epitope among many possible on a target protein is a significant challenge. Here, we present a simple and general method for epitope-directed selection (EDS) using a differential phage selection strategy. This involves engineering the protein of interest (POI) with the epitope of interest (EOI) mutated using a systematic bioinformatics algorithm to guide the local
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The tRNA Val half: A strong endogenous Toll-like receptor 7 ligand with a 5′-terminal universal sequence signature Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kamlesh Pawar, Takuya Kawamura, Yohei Kirino
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of the innate immune system. Endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, yet its endogenous ssRNA ligands are not fully understood. We previously showed that extracellular (ex-) 5′-half molecules of tRNA HisGUG (the 5′-tRNA HisGUG half) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) of human macrophages activate TLR7 when delivered into endosomes of recipient
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California’s 2023 snow deluge: Contextualizing an extreme snow year against future climate change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Adrienne M. Marshall, John T. Abatzoglou, Stefan Rahimi, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, Alex Hall
The increasing prevalence of low snow conditions in a warming climate has attracted substantial attention in recent years, but a focus exclusively on low snow leaves high snow years relatively underexplored. However, these large snow years are hydrologically and economically important in regions where snow is critical for water resources. Here, we introduce the term “snow deluge” and use anomalously
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Frequent nonhomologous replacement of replicative helicase loaders by viruses in Vibrionaceae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kento Tominaga, Shogo Ozaki, Shohei Sato, Tsutomu Katayama, Yuki Nishimura, Kimiho Omae, Wataru Iwasaki
Several microbial genomes lack textbook-defined essential genes. If an essential gene is absent from a genome, then an evolutionarily independent gene of unknown function complements its function. Here, we identified frequent nonhomologous replacement of an essential component of DNA replication initiation, a replicative helicase loader gene, in Vibrionaceae . Our analysis of Vibrionaceae genomes revealed
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Indirect reciprocity undermines indirect reciprocity destabilizing large-scale cooperation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Eric Schnell, Michael Muthukrishna
Previous models suggest that indirect reciprocity (reputation) can stabilize large-scale human cooperation [K. Panchanathan, R. Boyd, Nature 432 , 499–502 (2004)]. The logic behind these models and experiments [J. Gross et al. , Sci. Adv. 9 , eadd8289 (2023) and O. P. Hauser, A. Hendriks, D. G. Rand, M. A. Nowak, Sci. Rep. 6 , 36079 (2016)] is that a strategy in which individuals conditionally aid
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Correcting misperceptions of the material benefits associated with union membership increases Americans’ interest in joining unions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jonne Kamphorst, Robb Willer
How accurate are Americans’ perceptions of the material benefits associated with union membership, and do these perceptions influence their support for, and interest in joining, unions? We explore these questions in a preregistered, survey experiment conducted on a national sample, representative of the US population on a number of demographic benchmarks ( n = 1,430). We find that Americans exhibit
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Proteolytic stability and aggregation in a key metabolic enzyme of bacteria Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Dan Pollack, Takashi Nozoe, Edo Kussell
Proteins that are kinetically stable are thought to be less prone to both aggregation and proteolysis. We demonstrate that the classical lac system of Escherichia coli can be leveraged as a model system to study this relation. β-galactosidase (LacZ) plays a critical role in lactose metabolism and is an extremely stable protein that can persist in growing cells for multiple generations after expression
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The IL-17 pathway intertwines with neurotrophin and TLR/IL-1R pathways since its domain shuffling origin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Shenghui Chen, Huiping Fan, Chenrui Ran, Yun Hong, Huixiong Feng, Zirui Yue, Hao Zhang, Pierre Pontarotti, Anlong Xu, Shengfeng Huang
The IL-17 pathway displays remarkably diverse functional modes between different subphyla, classes, and even orders, yet its driving factors remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the IL-17 pathway originated through domain shuffling between a Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1R pathway and a neurotrophin-RTK (receptor-tyrosine-kinase) pathway (a Trunk-Torso pathway). Unlike other new pathways that
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Monocyte to macrophage differentiation and changes in cellular redox homeostasis promote cell type-specific HIV latency reactivation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Alexandra Blanco, Robert A. Coronado, Neha Arun, Kelly Ma, Roy D. Dar, Collin Kieffer
HIV latency regulation in monocytes and macrophages can vary according to signals directing differentiation, polarization, and function. To investigate these processes, we generated an HIV latency model in THP-1 monocytes and showed differential levels of HIV reactivation among clonal populations. Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of HIV-infected primary human CD14+ and THP-1 cells induced HIV
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Radiocarbon chronology of Iron Age Jerusalem reveals calibration offsets and architectural developments Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Johanna Regev, Yuval Gadot, Joe Uziel, Ortal Chalaf, Yiftah Shalev, Helena Roth, Nitsan Shalom, Nahshon Szanton, Efrat Bocher, Charlotte L. Pearson, David M. Brown, Eugenia Mintz, Lior Regev, Elisabetta Boaretto
Reconstructing the absolute chronology of Jerusalem during the time it served as the Judahite Kingdom’s capital is challenging due to its dense, still inhabited urban nature and the plateau shape of the radiocarbon calibration curve during part of this period. We present 103 radiocarbon dates from reliable archaeological contexts in five excavation areas of Iron Age Jerusalem, which tie between archaeology
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Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Wei Xu, Yun-He Wu, Wei-Wei Zhou, Hong-Man Chen, Bao-Lin Zhang, Jin-Min Chen, Weihua Xu, Ding-Qi Rao, Haipeng Zhao, Fang Yan, Zhiyong Yuan, Ke Jiang, Jie-Qiong Jin, Mian Hou, Dahu Zou, Li-Jun Wang, Yuchi Zheng, Jia-Tang Li, Jianping Jiang, Xiao-Mao Zeng, Youhua Chen, Zi-Yan Liao, Cheng Li, Xue-You Li, Wei Gao, Kai Wang, Dong-Ru Zhang, Chenqi Lu, Tingting Yin, Zhaoli Ding, Gui-Gang Zhao, Jing Chai, Wen-Ge
Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species-rich countries on Earth
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A time-resolved single-cell roadmap of the logic driving anterior neural crest diversification from neural border to migration stages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Aleksandr Kotov, Subham Seal, Mansour Alkobtawi, Vincent Kappès, Sofia Medina Ruiz, Hugo Arbès, Richard M. Harland, Leonid Peshkin, Anne H. Monsoro-Burq
Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population. However, the full sequence of early molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of neural crest heterogeneity from the embryonic ectoderm remains elusive. Gene-regulatory-networks (GRN) govern early development and cell specification toward definitive neural crest. Here, we combine ultradense single-cell
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Effect of skull morphology on fox snow diving Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jisoo Yuk, Anupam Pandey, Leena Park, William E. Bemis, Sunghwan Jung
Certain fox species plunge-dive into snow to catch prey (e.g., rodents), a hunting mechanism called mousing. Red and arctic foxes can dive into snow at speeds ranging between 2 and 4 m/s. Such mousing behavior is facilitated by a slim, narrow facial structure. Here, we investigate how foxes dive into snow efficiently by studying the role of skull morphology on impact forces it experiences. In this
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Neuronal innervation regulates the secretion of neurotrophic myokines and exosomes from skeletal muscle Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kai-Yu Huang, Gaurav Upadhyay, Yujin Ahn, Masayoshoi Sakakura, Gelson J. Pagan-Diaz, Younghak Cho, Amanda C. Weiss, Chen Huang, Jennifer W. Mitchell, Jiahui Li, Yanqi Tan, Yu-Heng Deng, Austin Ellis-Mohr, Zhi Dou, Xiaotain Zhang, Sehong Kang, Qian Chen, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Sung Gap Im, Rashid Bashir, Hee Jung Chung, Gabriel Popescu, Martha U. Gillette, Mattia Gazzola, Hyunjoon Kong
Myokines and exosomes, originating from skeletal muscle, are shown to play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis. While exercise has been reported to promote muscle secretion, little is known about the effects of neuronal innervation and activity on the yield and molecular composition of biologically active molecules from muscle. As neuromuscular diseases and disabilities associated with
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Genetic and phenotypic profiling of single living circulating tumor cells from patients with microfluidics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Zaizai Dong, Yusen Wang, Gaolian Xu, Bing Liu, Yang Wang, Julien Reboud, Pawel Jajesniak, Shi Yan, Pingchuan Ma, Feng Liu, Yuhao Zhou, Zhiyuan Jin, Kuan Yang, Zhaocun Huang, Minglei Zhuo, Bo Jia, Jian Fang, Panpan Zhang, Nan Wu, Mingzhu Yang, Jonathan M. Cooper, Lingqian Chang
Accurate prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients through the characterization of both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in individual patient cells holds great promise in informing targeted treatments, and ultimately in improving care pathways and clinical outcomes. Here, we describe the nanoplatform for interrogating living cell host-gene and (micro-)environment (NICHE)
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Human mutations in high-confidence Tourette disorder genes affect sensorimotor behavior, reward learning, and striatal dopamine in mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Cara Nasello, Lauren A. Poppi, Junbing Wu, Tess F. Kowalski, Joshua K. Thackray, Riley Wang, Angelina Persaud, Mariam Mahboob, Sherry Lin, Rodna Spaseska, C. K. Johnson, Derek Gordon, Fadel Tissir, Gary A. Heiman, Jay A. Tischfield, Miriam Bocarsly, Max A. Tischfield
Tourette disorder (TD) is poorly understood, despite affecting 1/160 children. A lack of animal models possessing construct, face, and predictive validity hinders progress in the field. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate mice with mutations orthologous to human de novo variants in two high-confidence Tourette genes, CELSR3 and WWC1 . Mice with human mutations in Celsr3 and Wwc1 exhibit
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Incomplete-penetrant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation causes hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Soah Lee, Alison S. Vander Roest, Cheavar A. Blair, Kerry Kao, Samantha B. Bremner, Matthew C. Childers, Divya Pathak, Paul Heinrich, Daniel Lee, Orlando Chirikian, Saffie E. Mohran, Brock Roberts, Jacqueline E. Smith, James W. Jahng, David T. Paik, Joseph C. Wu, Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane, Kathleen M. Ruppel, David L. Mack, Beth L. Pruitt, Michael Regnier, Sean M. Wu, James A. Spudich, Daniel Bernstein
Determining the pathogenicity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy–associated mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain ( MYH7 ) can be challenging due to its variable penetrance and clinical severity. This study investigates the early pathogenic effects of the incomplete-penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function that may trigger pathogenic adaptations and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the G256E mutation
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β-catenin turnover is regulated by Nek10-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Previn Dutt, Nasir Haider, Samar Mouaaz, Lauren Podmore, Vuk Stambolic
β-catenin has influential roles affecting embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases including cancer. Cellular β-catenin levels are exquisitely controlled by a variety of regulatory mechanisms. In the course of exploring the functions of the Nek10 tyrosine kinase, we observed that deletion of Nek10 in lung adenocarcinoma cells resulted in dramatic stabilization of β-catenin, suggestive
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Understanding stoichiometric constraints on growth using resource use efficiency imbalances Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Clay Prater, Tin Phan, James J. Elser, Punidan D. Jeyasingh
Growth is a function of the net accrual of resources by an organism. Energy and elemental contents of organisms are dynamically linked through their uptake and allocation to biomass production, yet we lack a full understanding of how these dynamics regulate growth rate. Here, we develop a multivariate imbalance framework, the growth efficiency hypothesis, linking organismal resource contents to growth
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The thermoneutral zone in women takes an “arctic” shift compared to men Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Robert J. Brychta, Suzanne McGehee, Shan Huang, Brooks P. Leitner, Courtney J. Duckworth, Laura A. Fletcher, Katherine Kim, Thomas M. Cassimatis, Nikita S. Israni, Hannah J. Lea, Taylor N. Lentz, Anne E. Pierce, Alex Jiang, Samuel R. LaMunion, Reed J. Thomas, Asuka Ishihara, Amber B. Courville, Shanna B. Yang, Marc L. Reitman, Aaron M. Cypess, Kong Y. Chen
Conventionally, women are perceived to feel colder than men, but controlled comparisons are sparse. We measured the response of healthy, lean, young women and men to a range of ambient temperatures typical of the daily environment (17 to 31 °C). The Scholander model of thermoregulation defines the lower critical temperature as threshold of the thermoneutral zone, below which additional heat production
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Influence of lipid bilayer on the structure of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Nigel Unwin
The muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a transmitter-gated ion channel residing in the plasma membrane of electrocytes and striated muscle cells. It is present predominantly at synaptic junctions, where it effects rapid depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Previously, cryo-EM of intact membrane from Torpedo revealed
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Engineering tertiary chirality in helical biopolymers Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jordan Janowski, Van A. B. Pham, Simon Vecchioni, Karol Woloszyn, Brandon Lu, Yijia Zou, Betel Erkalo, Lara Perren, Joe Rueb, Jesse Madnick, Chengde Mao, Masahico Saito, Yoel P. Ohayon, Nataša Jonoska, Ruojie Sha
Tertiary chirality describes the handedness of supramolecular assemblies and relies not only on the primary and secondary structures of the building blocks but also on topological driving forces that have been sparsely characterized. Helical biopolymers, especially DNA, have been extensively investigated as they possess intrinsic chirality that determines the optical, mechanical, and physical properties
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UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Huidong Wang, Jing Song, Benjamin J. Hunt, Kairan Zuo, Huiru Zhou, Angela Hayward, Bingbing Li, Yajuan Xiao, Xing Geng, Chris Bass, Shutang Zhou
Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining
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Bird flu virus has been spreading in US cows for months, RNA reveals Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-27
Genomic analysis suggests that the outbreak probably began in December or January, but a shortage of data is hampering efforts to pin down the source.
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Want to make a difference? Try working at an environmental non-profit organization Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
Moving to non-profit work requires researchers to shift their mindset to focus on applied science for policymaking and conservation practice.
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Corporate emissions targets and the neglect of future innovators Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Yann Robiou du Pont, Joeri Rogelj, Angel Hsu, Detlef van Vuuren, Andreas G. F. Hoepner
Widely recognized as key partners for achieving international climate goals (1, 2), businesses like to indicate that their targets and activities are “Paris-aligned.” In response, research and initiatives have emerged to guide and assess whether companies’ targets represent an adequate mitigation effort to achieve the Paris Agreement. Here, we highlight conceptual limitations of effort-sharing approaches
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A sound beginning of life starts before birth Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Hans Slabbekoorn
The acoustic environment of animals and humans has never been quiet, encompassing all sounds, from natural to those made by humans. The effect of sound on physiology and development starts before birth, which is why a world that grows increasingly more noisy, with loud outdoor entertainment, construction, and traffic, is a concern. On page 475 of this issue, Meillère et al. (1) report that exposure
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Microbes and vitamin D aid immunotherapy Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Fabien Franco, Kathy D. McCoy
Tremendous progress has been made in improving cancer immunotherapy, which is now established as a pillar for cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance antitumoral T cell responses by blocking interactions of the inhibitory receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) that are expressed on T cells with their ligands. ICIs
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Ciliopathy patient variants reveal organelle-specific functions for TUBB4B in axonemal microtubules Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Daniel O. Dodd, Sabrina Mechaussier, Patricia L. Yeyati, Fraser McPhie, Jacob R. Anderson, Chen Jing Khoo, Amelia Shoemark, Deepesh K. Gupta, Thomas Attard, Maimoona A. Zariwala, Marie Legendre, Diana Bracht, Julia Wallmeier, Miao Gui, Mahmoud R. Fassad, David A. Parry, Peter A. Tennant, Alison Meynert, Gabrielle Wheway, Lucas Fares-Taie, Holly A. Black, Rana Mitri-Frangieh, Catherine Faucon, Josseline
Tubulin, one of the most abundant cytoskeletal building blocks, has numerous isotypes in metazoans encoded by different conserved genes. Whether these distinct isotypes form cell type– and context-specific microtubule structures is poorly understood. Based on a cohort of 12 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia as well as mouse mutants, we identified and characterized variants in the TUBB4B isotype
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Audio long read: Why loneliness is bad for your health Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
Listen to an audio version of a recent Nature Feature.
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Could a rare mutation that causes dwarfism also slow ageing? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
People with Laron syndrome have a low risk of heart disease and a number of other age-related disorders, hinting at strategies for new treatments.
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Future of Humanity Institute shuts: what’s next for ‘deep future’ research? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
Researchers from several disciplines hope to predict — and prevent — scenarios that pose risks to humanity.
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Garden-variety fungus is an expert at environmental clean-ups Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25
The common fungus Aspergillus niger removes both heavy metals and organic pollutants from its surroundings.
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Air-travel climate-change emissions detailed for nearly 200 nations Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25
Carbon emissions from flights that departed from low- and middle-income countries in 2019 totalled 417 million tonnes.