Few precise estimates of hospitalization and fatality rates from COVID-19 exist for naive populations, especially within demographic subgroups. We estimated rates among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States during May 1–December 1, 2020, before vaccines became available. Both rates generally increased with age; fatality rates were highest for persons >85 years of age (24%) and lowest for children 1–14 years of age (0.01%). Age-adjusted case hospitalization rates were highest for African American or Black, not Hispanic persons (14%), and case-fatality rates were highest for Asian or Pacific Islander, not Hispanic persons (4.4%). Eighteen percent of hospitalized patients and 44.2% of those admitted to an intensive care unit died. Male patients had higher hospitalization (6.2% vs. 5.2%) and fatality rates (1.9% vs. 1.5%) than female patients. These findings highlight the importance of collecting surveillance data to devise appropriate control measures for persons in underserved racial/ethnic groups and older adults.

对于幼稚人群，特别是在人口亚组中，目前对 COVID-19 住院率和死亡率的精确估计很少。我们估计了 2020 年 5 月 1 日至 12 月 1 日期间（疫苗问世之前）美国 SARS-CoV-2 感染者的感染率。这两种比率通常都随着年龄的增长而增加； 85 岁以上人群死亡率最高（24%），1-14 岁儿童死亡率最低（0.01%）。按年龄调整的病例住院率最高的是非裔美国人或黑人，而非西班牙裔人 (14%)，病死率最高的是亚裔或太平洋岛民，而非西班牙裔人 (4.4%)。 18% 的住院患者和 44.2% 入住重症监护室的患者死亡。男性患者的住院率（6.2% vs. 5.2%）和病死率（1.9% vs. 1.5%）高于女性患者。这些发现凸显了收集监测数据的重要性，以便为服务不足的种族/族裔群体和老年人制定适当的控制措施。