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The Influence of Exercise on Cancer Risk, the Tumor Microenvironment and the Treatment of Cancer

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Abstract

There are several modifiable factors that can be targeted to prevent and manage the occurrence and progression of cancer, and maintaining adequate exercise is a crucial one. Regular physical exercise has been shown to be a beneficial strategy in preventing cancer, potentially amplifying the effectiveness of established cancer therapies, alleviating certain cancer-related symptoms, and possibly mitigating side effects resulting from treatment. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which exercise affects tumors, especially its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME), remain uncertain. This review aims to present an overview of the beneficial effects of exercise in the context of cancer management, followed by a summary of the exercise parameters, especially exercise intensity, that need to be considered when prescribing exercise for cancer patients. Finally, we discuss the influence of exercise on the TME, including its effects on crucial immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, B cells), intratumor angiogenesis, and cancer metabolism. This comprehensive review provides up-to-date scientific evidence on the effects of exercise training on cancer and offers guidance to clinicians for the development of safe and feasible exercise training programs for cancer patients in clinical practice.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82173280), 1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence—Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYJC21016), and the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (grant number: 2021YJ0450).

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  1. Anqi He, Yamin Pu, and Chengsen Jia contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Anqi He, Chengsen Jia, Hongchen He & Yong Xia

  2. Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yamin Pu & Mengling Wu

  3. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Hongchen He & Yong Xia

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Anqi He, Yamin Pu, and Chengsen Jia prepared tables and figures. Anqi He and Yong Xia conceptualized and wrote the manuscript. Yamin Pu, Chengsen Jia, Mengling Wu and Hongchen He helped with conceptualization of the manuscript. All authors participated in manuscript editing and read and approved the final version.

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He, A., Pu, Y., Jia, C. et al. The Influence of Exercise on Cancer Risk, the Tumor Microenvironment and the Treatment of Cancer. Sports Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02031-2

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