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Combining the GPS/Galileo/BDS-3 signals on overlap frequencies for interoperable multipath hemispherical maps

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Abstract

Multipath remains one of the major challenges in high-precision GNSS positioning. The multipath hemispherical map (MHM) based on satellites’ location repeatability in space is a popular method to mitigate GNSS multipath effects, but its performance depends on the availability of sufficient satellite orbital tracks in the skyplot. For instance, for BDS-3 medium Earth orbiters and Galileo satellites with 7-day and 10-day orbital repeat times, respectively, the skyplot of their orbital tracks will be too sparse to cover the shifting orbital tracks on the succeeding days, if only a few days of observations are used to construct MHMs. In this study, we establish an interoperable MHM using the overlap frequency signals of GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 (i.e., GPS L1/L5, Galileo E1/E5a and BDS-3 B1C/B2a). We compared the performance of GPS/Galileo/BDS-3 MHM (i.e., MP_GEC) and single-constellation MHMs (i.e., MP_G, MP_E and MP_C). The mean reduction rates of the L1/E1/B1C and L5/E5a/B2a carrier-phase residuals for the MP_GEC applied to GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 are 36% and 48%, respectively, which are 10–30% points larger compared to the MP_G, MP_E and MP_C. The MP_GEC constructed using 4 days of observations reduced the Galileo RMS positioning errors by 26%, 31% and 29% for the east, north, and up components, respectively, showing improvements of about 16, 18 and 17% points compared to the MP_E, and even approaching the RMS errors of the MP_E constructed using 10 days of observations. The results show that the interoperable GPS/Galileo/BDS-3 MHM is able to improve the spatial resolution, modeling efficiency and correction performance in mitigating multipath effects for high-precision GNSS positioning.

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All data collected for the study are available from the authors by request.

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Acknowledgements

This work is funded by the National Science Foundation of China (42025401) and is under the auspices of the International Association of Geodesy Sub-commission 4.2 “Multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Jianghui Geng, Pengbo Li & Guangcai Li

  2. Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Jianghui Geng

  3. Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, China

    Jianghui Geng

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  1. Jianghui Geng
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  2. Pengbo Li
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  3. Guangcai Li
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Contributions

JG devised the project and provided conceptual ideas. JG, PL and GL worked out all the technical details. PL carried out the computational tasks. JG and PL wrote the paper. All authors approved of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianghui Geng or Guangcai Li.

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Geng, J., Li, P. & Li, G. Combining the GPS/Galileo/BDS-3 signals on overlap frequencies for interoperable multipath hemispherical maps. J Geod 98, 32 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01841-6

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