Abstract
Migration of microplastics in porous media is an important, yet overlooked phenomenon because most microplastic research has focused mainly on microplastic behavior in aquatic environments. Here we review experimental advances of microplastic migration in porous media, with emphasis on factors influencing microplastic migration. We observed that microplastic migration is influenced by environmental factors and microplastic properties. The effect of microplastic surface charge and functional groups, and of soil organisms on microplastic migration is unclear. Research at the macro-scale, higher than 1 m, predominantly starts with field sampling, and then carries out measurements or mathematical modeling to explore migration patterns. At the meso-scale, below 1 cm, studies often employ filled sand columns as proxies for porous media to generate breakthrough curves and retention profiles. At the micro-scale, below 1 mm, visualization of microplastic migration in pores is done by lab-on-a-chip devices to build transparent micromodels. Current research predominantly relies on industrially produced regular spherical microplastics, with limited focus on macro- and micro-scale studies.
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This work was supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation [grant number ZR2021ME108, ZX20220090, U2106213], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 51974341], and the Open Foundation of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control [grant number SEMPC2023002].
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CG was involved in editing and supervision. YG was involved in investigation and draft writing. HZ was involved in data curation. DX, HS and BW were involved in data collection. XW was involved in draft conception and revision. JZ made constructive recommendations and revisions.
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Geng, C., Gao, Y., Zhang, H. et al. Microplastic migration in porous media at various scales: a review. Environ Chem Lett 22, 691–713 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01688-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01688-x