Hydrogen is viewed as the future carbon–neutral fuel, yet hydrogen storage is a key issue for developing the hydrogen economy because current storage techniques are expensive and potentially unsafe due to pressures reaching up to 700 bar. As a consequence, research has recently designed advanced hydrogen sorbents, such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous carbon-based adsorbents, zeolite, and advanced composites, for safer hydrogen storage. Here, we review hydrogen storage with a focus on hydrogen sources and production, advanced sorbents, and machine learning. Carbon-based sorbents include graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotubes and activated carbon. We observed that storage capacities reach up to 10 wt.% for metal–organic frameworks, 6 wt.% for covalent organic frameworks, and 3–5 wt.% for porous carbon-based adsorbents. High-entropy alloys and advanced composites exhibit improved stability and hydrogen uptake. Machine learning has allowed predicting efficient storage materials.

氢被视为未来的碳中性燃料，但氢存储是发展氢经济的关键问题，因为当前的存储技术价格昂贵，而且由于压力高达 700 bar，可能不安全。因此，最近的研究设计了先进的氢吸附剂，例如金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、多孔碳基吸附剂、沸石和先进复合材料，以实现更安全的储氢。在这里，我们回顾氢存储，重点关注氢源和生产、先进吸附剂和机器学习。碳基吸附剂包括石墨烯、富勒烯、碳纳米管和活性炭。我们观察到金属有机骨架的存储容量高达 10 wt.%，共价有机骨架的存储容量为 6 wt.%，多孔碳基吸附剂的存储容量为 3–5 wt.%。高熵合金和先进复合材料表现出更高的稳定性和氢吸收率。机器学习可以预测高效的存储材料。