The performance of low-temperature aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) is significantly hindered by the elevated freezing point of the aqueous electrolyte and the sluggish kinetics associated with Zn/Zn deposition/stripping reactions on the Zn anode. Here, we reported a functionalized electrolyte inducing a reversible uniform and fine deposition on Zn anode, which significantly enhances the low-temperature cyclic stability of Zn anode and AZMBs. The ethylene glycol and L-cysteine (L-Cys) in the electrolyte works together to achieve this goal. Specially, the L-Cys was found to be primarily responsible for rapid desolvation of Zn and uniformly compact deposition of fine zinc particles at the interface. The Zn||Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate an extended operational lifespan exceeding 2,000 hours at a high rate and substantial area capacity of 10 mA cm and 10 mA h cm, along with an impressive depth of discharge of 86.2 % over a duration of 300 hours under ambient conditions. When at low temperature (-20 ℃), the Zn||Zn symmetric battery exhibits a remarkable cyclic stability for over 4,000 hours at both 1 mA cm and 1 mA h cm, while Zn||ZnVO·HO full cell can last 1,000 cycles. In addition, the pouch battery demonstrates an impressive 95 % capacity retention even after undergoing 540 cycles. This study presents a fresh outlook on enhancing the performance of AZMBs at low temperatures.

中文翻译：

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低温可逆均匀精细沉积稳定锌阳极


低温水性锌金属电池（AZMB）的性能受到水性电解质凝固点升高以及与锌阳极上锌/锌沉积/剥离反应相关的缓慢动力学的显着阻碍。在这里，我们报道了一种功能化电解质，可在锌阳极上诱导可逆的均匀精细沉积，从而显着增强锌阳极和AZMBs的低温循环稳定性。电解质中的乙二醇和 L-半胱氨酸 (L-Cys) 共同作用来实现这一目标。特别是，L-Cys被发现主要负责Zn的快速去溶剂化和细锌颗粒在界面处的均匀致密沉积。 Zn||Zn 对称电池在高倍率下表现出超过 2,000 小时的延长使用寿命，以及 10 mA cm 和 10 mA h cm 的大面积容量，以及在 300 小时内放电深度高达 86.2%。环境条件。在低温（-20℃）下，Zn||Zn对称电池在1 mA cm和1 mA h cm下均表现出超过4,000小时的循环稳定性，而Zn||ZnVO·HO全电池可以持续1,000次循环。此外，即使经过 540 次循环后，软包电池的容量保持率仍高达 95%，令人印象深刻。这项研究为增强 AZMB 的低温性能提供了新的前景。