Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the sustainability of effective treatments against the three most prevalent infectious diseases: malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs and treatment protocols capable of reducing the emergence of resistance and combating it when it does occur. In this Review, we present an overview of the status and underlying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in these three diseases. We also discuss current strategies to address resistance during the research and development of next-generation therapies. These strategies vary depending on the infectious agent and the array of resistance mechanisms involved. Furthermore, we explore the potential for cross-fertilization of knowledge and technology among these diseases to create innovative approaches for minimizing drug resistance and advancing the discovery and development of new anti-infective treatments. In conclusion, we advocate for the implementation of well-defined strategies to effectively mitigate and manage resistance in all interventions against infectious diseases. 

抗生素耐药性对疟疾、人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染和结核病这三种最流行的传染病的有效治疗的可持续性构成重大威胁。因此，迫切需要开发新的药物和治疗方案，以减少耐药性的出现并在出现耐药性时予以对抗。在这篇综述中，我们概述了这三种疾病的耐药性状况和潜在分子机制。我们还讨论了在下一代疗法的研究和开发过程中解决耐药性的当前策略。这些策略根据感染原和所涉及的耐药机制的不同而有所不同。此外，我们还探索这些疾病之间知识和技术交叉应用的潜力，以创造创新方法来最大限度地减少耐药性并推进新抗感染治疗的发现和开发。总之，我们主张实施明确的战略，以有效减轻和管理所有传染病干预措施中的耐药性。