Agricultural run-off exposes recipient water bodies to nitrate (NO₃⁻) pollution. Biological denitrification is a suitable method for removing NO₃⁻ in water resources that can be induced by the use of industrial organic liquid waste as an electron donor source. In light of this, batch and column laboratory experiments were performed to assess the potential of two industrial wine residues (lías and vínico) to induce biological denitrification of NO₃⁻ contaminated water from a constructed wetland and to evaluate the efficiency of these treatments using chemical and isotopic tools. In batch experiments (performed at a C/N ratio of 1.25), vínico was not efficient enough in removing N species, attenuating only 35% NO₃⁻ and was not used in column experiments. In similar experimental conditions, lías completely removed N species from water in both batch and column experiments. The calculated isotope fractionation (ε¹⁵N_NO3 and ε¹⁸O_NO3) was the same in both batch and column experiments biostimulated with lías and differed from those for vínico. The isotopic data confirmed that denitrification was the principal NO₃⁻ attenuation pathway in all the experiments. The isotopic fractionation can be later applied to field studies to quantify the efficiency of biologically enhanced denitrification. A numerical geochemical model that accounts for the changes in nitrate, nitrite concentration and isotopic composition due to the degradation of lías and vínico, including transport in the case of the column experiment, was performed to simulate the experimental results and can be up-scaled in field treatments.

中文翻译：

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利用工业酒渣增强硝酸盐去除：使用化学、同位素和数值建模工具进行的实验室批量和柱实验的见解

农业径流使受纳水体受到硝酸盐 (NO ₃ ⁻ ) 污染。生物反硝化是一种去除水资源中NO ₃ ^{- 的}合适方法，可以通过使用工业有机液体废物作为电子供体源来诱导。鉴于此，进行了批量和柱式实验室实验，以评估两种工业葡萄酒残留物（lías和vínico）诱导人工湿地中NO ₃ ^-污染水生物反硝化的潜力，并评估使用化学物质处理的效率和同位素工具。在批量实验中（C/N 比为 1.25），vínico在去除 N 物质方面效率不够，仅衰减 35% NO ₃ ^-并且未在柱实验中使用。在类似的实验条件下，lías在批量和柱实验中完全去除了水中的氮物种。计算出的同位素分馏（ε ¹⁵ N _NO3和ε ¹⁸ O _{NO3 ）在用}lías 生物刺激的批量和柱实验中是相同的，但与vínico的不同。同位素数据证实反硝化作用是所有实验中主要的NO ₃ ^-衰减途径。同位素分馏随后可应用于现场研究，以量化生物增强反硝化的效率。数值地球化学模型解释了由于lías和vínico的降解（包括柱实验情况下的传输）引起的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐浓度和同位素组成的变化，以模拟实验结果，并且可以在现场治疗。