El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant interannual signal of climate variability and profoundly affects river flooding globally, especially in East Asia. However, ENSO also has ∼2,000 and ∼1,000-year cycles, but due to the lack of flood records with sufficient length, little is known about the ENSO's impact on floods at these millennial timescales. Here we test this in the middle-lower Yangtze River by reconstructing the first Holocene flood record with optically stimulated luminescence and ¹⁴C ages of flood deposits. We find the periods with high flooding probability generally correspond with intervals of weakened solar activity. Importantly, the flood record displays 2,000 and 1,000-year cycles similar to the ENSO record, and band-pass filter results show the two records are synchronous at these bands. Our results reveal a persistent control of ENSO on millennial-scale hydroclimatic variability in the Yangtze basin and likely other basins.

中文翻译：

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千年时间尺度上持续的ENSO强迫对长江中下游全新世洪水的影响

厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）是气候变化最主要的年际信号，对全球（尤其是东亚）的河流洪水产生深远影响。然而，ENSO也有~2,000年和~1,000年的周期，但由于缺乏足够长度的洪水记录，人们对ENSO在这些千年时间尺度上对洪水的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们在长江中下游地区进行了测试，通过光激发光和洪水沉积物的¹⁴ C 年龄重建了第一个全新世洪水记录。我们发现洪水概率高的时期通常与太阳活动减弱的时期相对应。重要的是，洪水记录显示与 ENSO 记录类似的 2,000 年和 1,000 年周期，带通滤波器结果显示这两个记录在这些频段是同步的。我们的结果揭示了 ENSO 对长江流域和其他可能流域千年尺度水文气候变化的持续控制。