Background

The inclusion of skateboarding in the Olympics suggests that athletes and coaches are seeking ways to enhance their chances of succeeding on the world stage. Understanding what constitutes performance, and what physical, neuromuscular, and biomechanical capacities underlie it, is likely critical to success.

Objective

The aim was to overview the current literature and identify knowledge gaps related to competitive skateboarding performance and associated physical, technical, and tactical demands of Olympic skateboarding disciplines.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was performed considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Data sources were MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. We included all peer-reviewed literature after 1970 describing the physiological, neuromuscular, biomechanical, and/or tactical aspects of skateboarding.

Results

Nineteen original articles explored the physiological (n = 9), biomechanical (n = 8), and technical (n = 10) demands of skateboarding. No research explored the tactical demands of competition. Moreover, although competitive males (n = 2 studies) and females (n = 1 study) were recruited as participants, no research directly related skateboarding demands to performance success in competitive environments.

Conclusions

Ultimately, what constitutes and distinguishes competitive skateboarding is unexplored. There is some evidence indicating aspects of the sport require flexibility and elevated and fast force output of the lower limbs, which may be valuable when attempting to maximise ollie height. Nonetheless, a lack of ecological validity, such as using static ollie tests as opposed to rolling, restricted our ability to provide practical recommendations, and inconsistency of terminology complicated delineating discipline-specific outcomes. Future researchers should first look to objectively identify what skaters do in competition before assessing what qualities enable their performance.

中文翻译：

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滑向未知：界定竞技滑板的身体、技术和战术需求

背景

将滑板运动纳入奥运会表明运动员和教练正在寻找方法来提高他们在世界舞台上取得成功的机会。了解什么构成了表现，以及其背后的身体、神经肌肉和生物力学能力，可能对成功至关重要。

客观的

目的是概述当前文献并确定与竞技滑板表现以及奥林匹克滑板学科相关的身体、技术和战术要求相关的知识差距。

方法

考虑到系统审查和荟萃分析（范围审查的扩展）指南的首选报告项目，进行了系统范围审查。数据来源为 MEDLINE (Ovid)、Scopus、SPORTDiscus 和 PubMed。我们收录了 1970 年之后描述滑板运动的生理、神经肌肉、生物力学和/或战术方面的所有同行评审文献。

结果

十九篇原创文章探讨了滑板运动的生理（n  = 9）、生物力学（n  = 8）和技术（n  = 10）需求。没有研究探讨竞争的战术要求。此外，尽管 招募了有竞争力的男性（ n  = 2项研究）和女性（n = 1项研究）作为参与者，但没有研究将滑板需求与竞争环境中的表现成功直接相关。

结论

最终，竞技滑板运动的构成和区别尚不清楚。有一些证据表明，这项运动的各个方面都需要下肢的灵活性以及升高和快速的力量输出，这在尝试最大化奥利高度时可能很有价值。尽管如此，缺乏生态有效性，例如使用静态奥利测试而不是滚动测试，限制了我们提供实用建议的能力，并且术语的不一致使描述特定学科结果变得复杂。未来的研究人员应该首先客观地确定滑冰运动员在比赛中的表现，然后再评估哪些品质有助于他们的表现。