Thermal-perceptive electronic skins (e-skin) represent an important functional interface in wearables and soft robots. Realizing an all-in-one structured nanofiber interactive e-skin with autonomous thermal perceptivity remains challenging. We demonstrated a polyurethane/(polyvinyl pyrrolidone/MXene) (PPM) bilayer nanofiber film with asymmetric structure compactness by continuous and controllable electrospinning, that achieves asymmetric optical transmittance (visible light transparency of 20∼97%, infrared transparency of 5.5∼34.1%) and photothermal actuation response, with a response rate of 0.8 mm s and bending curvature of 2.2 cm, as well as additional excellent triboelectric outputs of ∼320 V and ∼5.4 µA. We proposed a “contact-actuation-perception” strategy for instantaneous object temperature sensing based on the PPM, which can actuate under photothermal stimulation to change its contact area with the target objects at different temperatures, producing temperature-dependent distinguishable triboelectric signals for autonomous thermal perception, with sensitivity up to ∼99.6%. This work could inspire a facile strategy to realize asymmetric features in fiber materials, in which the asymmetric optical-thermal-mechanical-electrical coupling mechanism for active perception is expected to promote the development of autonomous interactive e-skins.

中文翻译：

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具有摩擦电自主热感知能力的不对称纳米纤维光热交互电子皮肤

热感知电子皮肤（e-skin）是可穿戴设备和软机器人中的重要功能界面。实现具有自主热感知能力的一体式结构纳米纤维交互式电子皮肤仍然具有挑战性。我们通过连续可控静电纺丝展示了具有不对称结构致密性的聚氨酯/（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/MXene）（PPM）双层纳米纤维薄膜，实现了不对称光学透过率（可见光透明度为20∼97％，红外透明度为5.5∼34.1％）和光热驱动响应，响应速率为 0.8 mm s，弯曲曲率为 2.2 cm，以及出色的摩擦电输出 ∼320 V 和 ∼5.4 µA。我们提出了一种基于 PPM 的瞬时物体温度传感的“接触-驱动-感知”策略，它可以在光热刺激下驱动，改变与不同温度下目标物体的接触面积，产生与温度相关的可区分摩擦电信号，用于自主热学感知，灵敏度高达~99.6%。这项工作可以激发一种简单的策略来实现纤维材料的不对称特性，其中用于主动感知的不对称光-热-机-电耦合机制有望促进自主交互式电子皮肤的发展。