The variations of pH triggers either the formation of zinc sulfate hydroxide (ZSH) or the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), leading to unsatisfactory zinc anode efficiency. In order to establish a balanced approach that suppresses the HER while creating an acidic environment to eliminate ZSH formation, this study introduces an environmentally friendly chelating additive, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), into the ZnSO₄ electrolyte. This additive serves to generate a localized acidic environment and a cation-selective surface barrier. The preferentially adsorbed IDS anions create a water-poor interface and engage in synergistic regulation of cation and anion via electrostatic effects, promoting smooth Zn deposition and reducing by-product formation. Additionally, IDS can strongly interact with Zn²⁺ and adapt to pH variations, thereby providing a stable environment that mitigates side reactions. Unlike sacrificial additives, IDS demonstrates stability under test conditions, resulting in a truly reversible and stable electrolyte system. The implementation of this multifunctional additive results in a prolonged lifespan of metallic Zn, reaching 2548 h, and a promoted coulombic efficiency of 99.5 %. Furthermore, the improved stability of Zn anodes is observed in Zn//LiFePO₄ cells, exhibiting the capacity retention of 97.0 % over 800 cycles. This strategy opens up a new pathway for enhancing the stability and reversibility of Zn anodes.

pH 值的变化会引发氢氧化硫酸锌 (ZSH) 的形成或析氢反应 (HER)，从而导致锌阳极效率不理想。为了建立一种平衡的方法，在抑制 HER 的同时创造酸性环境以消除 ZSH 的形成，本研究在 ZnSO ₄ 电解液中引入了环保型螯合添加剂亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠 (IDS)。该添加剂用于产生局部酸性环境和阳离子选择性表面屏障。优先吸附的IDS阴离子形成贫水界面，并通过静电效应对阳离子和阴离子进行协同调节，促进锌的顺利沉积并减少副产物的形成。此外，IDS 可以与 Zn ²⁺ 发生强烈相互作用并适应 pH 变化，从而提供稳定的环境来减轻副反应。与牺牲添加剂不同，IDS 在测试条件下表现出稳定性，从而形成真正可逆且稳定的电解质系统。这种多功能添加剂的使用使得金属锌的寿命延长，达到2548小时，库仑效率提高到99.5%。此外，在 Zn//LiFePO ₄ 电池中观察到锌负极的稳定性得到改善，在 800 次循环后容量保持率为 97.0%。该策略为增强锌负极的稳定性和可逆性开辟了一条新途径。