High entropy materials (HEMs) have sparked a technological revolution in the field of battery, opening up new avenues for material composition and performance design. HEMs are unique in that they are composed of five or more elements and are diverse and controllable in both composition and structure. These materials exhibit a range of effects, including high entropy, lattice distortion, hysteretic diffusion and cocktail effect, which enable HEMs to overcome the limitations of traditional electrodes and particularly provide a new perspective for the development of anode materials. Despite the rapid research progress in HEMs as anode materials in recent years, there are still challenges in component tuning, structural design and performance characterization. The aim of this paper is to accelerate the research progress in this field by providing a comprehensive review of HEM anodes and systematically summarizing the research progress. Firstly, the definition of HEMs is introduced and the four main effects associated with them are discussed. The key factors for the rational design of advanced HEM anodes are highlighted, recognizing the critical role of theoretical calculations in the potential development of HEM anodes. The types of HEM anodes are then introduced and common preparation methods are outlined. The applications of HEM anodes in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries are then reviewed in detail. Finally, we outline possible future challenges for HEM anodes, highlighting key issues that remain unresolved and providing researchers with clear directions for development. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic perspective on the study of HEM anodes and aims to stimulate in-depth exploration and innovative development in the field.

高熵材料（HEM）引发了电池领域的技术革命，为材料组成和性能设计开辟了新途径。 HEM的独特之处在于它们由五种或更多元素组成，并且在成分和结构上具有多样性和可控性。这些材料表现出一系列效应，包括高熵、晶格畸变、滞后扩散和鸡尾酒效应，使HEM能够克服传统电极的局限性，特别是为负极材料的发展提供了新的视角。尽管近年来HEM作为负极材料的研究进展迅速，但在组件调整、结构设计和性能表征方面仍然存在挑战。本文旨在通过对HEM阳极进行全面综述并系统总结研究进展，加速该领域的研究进展。首先，介绍了 HEM 的定义，并讨论了与其相关的四个主要影响。强调了先进 HEM 阳极合理设计的关键因素，认识到理论计算在 HEM 阳极潜在发展中的关键作用。然后介绍了 HEM 阳极的类型并概述了常见的制备方法。然后详细回顾了HEM负极在锂离子电池、钠离子电池和钾离子电池中的应用。最后，我们概述了 HEM 阳极未来可能面临的挑战，强调了尚未解决的关键问题，并为研究人员提供了明确的发展方向。该综述对HEM阳极的研究提供了全面、系统的视角，旨在促进该领域的深入探索和创新发展。