Understanding the impact of various climate forcing agents, such as aerosols, on extreme precipitation is socially and scientifically vital. While anthropogenic absorbing aerosols influence Earth's energy balance and atmospheric convection, their role in extreme events remains unclear. This paper uses convective-resolving radiative-convective-equilibrium simulations, with fixed solar radiation, to investigate the influence of absorbing aerosols on extreme precipitation comprehensively. Our findings reveal an underappreciated mechanism through which absorbing aerosols can, under certain conditions, strongly intensify extreme precipitation. Notably, we demonstrate that a mechanism previously reported for much warmer (hothouse) climates, where intense rainfall alternates with multi-day dry spells, can operate under current realistic conditions due to absorbing aerosol influence. This mechanism operates when an aerosol perturbation shifts the lower tropospheric radiative heating rate to positive values, generating a strong inhibition layer. Our work highlights an additional potential effect of absorbing aerosols, with implications for climate change mitigation and disaster risk management.

中文翻译：

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吸收气溶胶增强极端降水的潜力

了解气溶胶等各种气候强迫因素对极端降水的影响具有社会和科学意义。虽然人为吸收气溶胶影响地球的能量平衡和大气对流，但它们在极端事件中的作用仍不清楚。本文采用对流解析辐射对流平衡模拟，在太阳辐射固定的情况下，综合研究吸收气溶胶对极端降水的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了一种未被充分认识的机制，在某些条件下，吸收气溶胶可以强烈加剧极端降水。值得注意的是，我们证明了先前报道的针对温暖得多（温室）气候的机制，即强降雨与多日干旱交替出现的机制，由于吸收气溶胶的影响，可以在当前的现实条件下运行。当气溶胶扰动将较低的对流层辐射加热速率转变为正值时，这种机制就会起作用，从而产生强抑制层。我们的工作强调了吸收气溶胶的额外潜在影响，对减缓气候变化和灾害风险管理具有影响。