Micro/nanorobots hold the potential to revolutionize biomedicine by executing diverse tasks in hard-to-reach biological environments. Nevertheless, achieving precise drug delivery to unknown disease sites using swarming micro/nanorobots remains a significant challenge. Here we develop a heterogeneous swarm comprising sensing microrobots (sensor-bots) and drug-carrying microrobots (carrier-bots) with collaborative tasking capabilities for precise drug delivery toward unknown sites. Leveraging robust interspecific hydrodynamic interactions, the sensor-bots and carrier-bots spontaneously synchronize and self-organize into stable heterogeneous microswarms. Given that the sensor-bots can create real-time pH maps employing pH-responsive structural-color changes and the doxorubicin-loaded carrier-bots exhibit selective adhesion to acidic targets via pH-responsive charge reversal, the sensor-carrier microswarm, when exploring unknown environments, can detect and localize uncharted acidic targets, guide itself to cover the area, and finally deploy therapeutic carrier-bots precisely there. This versatile platform holds promise for treating diseases with localized acidosis and inspires future theranostic microsystems with expandability, task flexibility, and high efficiency.

中文翻译：

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异质传感器载体微群，用于协作精确地将药物输送到患有局部酸中毒的未知目标


微/纳米机器人具有通过在难以到达的生物环境中执行各种任务而彻底改变生物医学的潜力。然而，使用集群微/纳米机器人将药物精确输送到未知的疾病部位仍然是一个重大挑战。在这里，我们开发了一个异构群体，包括传感微型机器人（传感器机器人）和携带药物的微型机器人（载体机器人），具有协作任务能力，可将药物精确输送到未知地点。利用强大的种间流体动力学相互作用，传感器机器人和载体机器人自发同步并自组织成稳定的异质微群。鉴于传感器机器人可以利用 pH 响应结构颜色变化创建实时 pH 值图，并且负载阿霉素的载体机器人通过 pH 响应电荷反转表现出对酸性目标的选择性粘附，传感器载体微群在探索时未知的环境中，可以检测和定位未知的酸性目标，引导自己覆盖该区域，并最终在那里精确部署治疗载体机器人。这个多功能平台有望治疗局部酸中毒疾病，并以可扩展性、任务灵活性和高效率激发未来的治疗诊断微系统。