Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that function in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular and extracellular signalling, cellular fate and stress responses. Mitochondria of the intestinal epithelium, the cellular interface between self and enteric microbiota, have emerged as crucial in intestinal health. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of intestinal epithelial cell mitochondrial metabolism, function and signalling to affect tissue homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We also discuss mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer and the evolving concept of mitochondrial impairment as a consequence versus initiator of the disease.

线粒体是在细胞能量代谢、细胞内和细胞外信号传导、细胞命运和应激反应中发挥作用的动态细胞器。肠上皮细胞的线粒体是自身和肠道微生物群之间的细胞界面，对于肠道健康至关重要。线粒体功能障碍发生在胃肠道疾病中，包括炎症性肠病和结直肠癌。在这篇综述中，我们概述了目前对肠上皮细胞线粒体代谢、功能和影响组织稳态的信号传导（包括肠道微生物群组成）的理解。我们还讨论了针对炎症性肠病和结直肠癌的线粒体靶向疗法，以及线粒体损伤作为疾病引发因素的后果的不断演变的概念。