Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are small organic molecules containing several bromine substituents added to plastics to limit their flammability. BFRs can constitute up to 30% of the weight of some plastics, which is why they are produced in large quantities. Along with plastic waste and microplastic particles, BFRs end up in the soil and can easily leach causing contamination. As polyhalogenated molecules, multiple BFRs were classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), meaning that their biodegradation in the soils is especially challenging. However, some anaerobic bacteria as Dehaloccocoides can dehalogenate BFRs, which is important in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. BFRs are hydrophobic, can accumulate in plasma membranes, and disturb their function. On the other hand, limited membrane accumulation is necessary for BFR dehalogenation. To study the BFR-membrane interaction, we created membrane models of soil dehalogenating bacteria and tested their interactions with seven legacy and novel BFRs most common in soils. Phospholipid Langmuir monolayers with appropriate composition were used as membrane models. These membranes were doped in the selected BFRs, and the incorporation of BFR molecules into the phospholipid matrix and also the effects of BFR presence on membrane physical properties and morphology were studied. It turned out that the seven BFRs differed significantly in their membrane affinity. For some, the incorporation was very limited, and others incorporated effectively and could affect membrane properties, while one of the tested molecules induced the formation of bilayer domains in the membranes. Thus, Langmuir monolayers can be effectively used for pretesting BFR membrane activity.

中文翻译：

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溴化阻燃剂与脱卤细菌膜模型的相互作用：Langmuir 单层和掠入射 X 射线衍射研究


溴化阻燃剂 (BFR) 是一种含有多个溴取代基的小有机分子，添加到塑料中以限制其可燃性。 BFR 占某些塑料重量的高达 30%，这就是它们大量生产的原因。溴化阻燃剂 (BFR) 与塑料废物和微塑料颗粒一起进入土壤，很容易渗滤，造成污染。作为多卤化分子，多种 BFR 被归类为持久性有机污染物 (POP)，这意味着它们在土壤中的生物降解特别具有挑战性。然而，一些厌氧细菌（例如 Dehaloccocoides）可以使 BFR 脱卤，这对于污染土壤的生物修复非常重要。 BFR 具有疏水性，可以在质膜中积聚并干扰其功能。另一方面，BFR 脱卤需要有限的膜积累。为了研究 BFR 与膜的相互作用，我们创建了土壤脱卤细菌的膜模型，并测试了它们与土壤中最常见的七种传统和新型 BFR 的相互作用。使用具有适当组成的磷脂朗缪尔单层作为膜模型。这些膜掺杂了选定的 BFR，并研究了 BFR 分子与磷脂基质的结合以及 BFR 的存在对膜物理性质和形态的影响。事实证明，七种 BFR 的膜亲和力存在显着差异。对于某些分子来说，掺入非常有限，而另一些分子则有效掺入并可能影响膜特性，而其中一种测试分子诱导了膜中双层结构域的形成。因此，Langmuir 单层膜可以有效地用于预测试 BFR 膜活性。