The droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) converts mechanical energy into electricity through contact electrification and electrostatic induction at the liquid–solid interface. The device’s efficiency is significantly influenced by the surface molecular structure of its triboelectric layer. By applying a fluorosilane surface modification, we enhanced the contact electrification sites and improved electron transfer between water molecules and the triboelectric layer, leading to a high-performance D-TENG. This modification allowed the surface potential of modified PTFE to reach 85% of its maximum with just five droplets, generating maximum charges of 80 and 500 nC with deionized and tap water droplets, respectively. These results surpass those of similar energy harvesting devices. The successful electron transfer mechanism was confirmed through first-principles and molecular dynamics, suggesting our approach could be broadly applicable to improving other triboelectric nanogenerators.

中文翻译：

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通过战略表面分子工程提高液滴摩擦纳米发电机的输出

液滴摩擦纳米发电机（D-TENG）通过液固界面的接触起电和静电感应将机械能转化为电能。该器件的效率很大程度上受其摩擦电层表面分子结构的影响。通过应用氟硅烷表面改性，我们增强了接触带电位点并改善了水分子和摩擦电层之间的电子传递，从而产生了高性能的 D-TENG。这种改性使得改性 PTFE 的表面电势仅用 5 个液滴即可达到其最大值的 85%，用去离子水滴和自来水滴分别产生 80 和 500 nC 的最大电荷。这些结果超过了类似能量收集设备的结果。通过第一原理和分子动力学证实了成功的电子转移机制，这表明我们的方法可以广泛适用于改进其他摩擦纳米发电机。