Amidst the swift progression of supramolecular chemistry, supramolecular macrocycles, which are widely recognized as effective guest receptors, particularly in host–guest chemistry, have garnered considerable attention. Cucurbit[]urils (Q[]s), as prominent supramolecular macrocyclic host compounds, are characterized with highly symmetrical cages consisting of 2n methylene-bridged n glycosyl urea units. Due to the inherent electrically neutral hydrophobic cavity and the densely packed carbonyl oxygen portals, Q[]s possess the capability to selectively encapsulate guest molecules within their cavities while also coordinate with metal ions at their portals, which makes cucurbit[]uril-based separation materials have been extensively applied in adsorptive separation processes. This review summarizes current developments in the utilization of supramolecular materials based on Q[]s for separating mixed gases, benzene derivatives, metal ions, and various other substances. Furthermore, the prevailing challenges within this research domain are illustrated and a thorough perspective is given for their potential future directions. Based on numerous cutting-edge studies, this review is anticipated to furnish relevant and valuable references for researchers and inspire additional intriguing studies in related fields.

中文翻译：

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葫芦[n]脲基超分子分离材料

在超分子化学的快速发展中，超分子大环化合物被广泛认为是有效的客体受体，特别是在主客体化学中，引起了人们的广泛关注。葫芦[]脲(Q[]s)作为重要的超分子大环主体化合物，其特征在于具有由2n个亚甲基桥联的n个糖基脲单元组成的高度对称的笼。由于固有的电中性疏水空腔和密集的羰基氧门户，Q[]s 具有选择性地将客体分子封装在其空腔内的能力，同时还在其门户处与金属离子配位，这使得基于葫芦[]脲的分离材料在吸附分离过程中得到了广泛的应用。本综述总结了基于Q[]s的超分子材料用于分离混合气体、苯衍生物、金属离子和各种其他物质的最新进展。此外，还说明了该研究领域中普遍存在的挑战，并对其潜在的未来方向给出了全面的视角。基于大量前沿研究，这篇综述预计将为研究人员提供相关且有价值的参考，并激发相关领域的更多有趣研究。