The migration and diffusion of Li⁺ and halide ions, as well as the volatilization of 4-tert butylpyridine (tBP), seriously restrain the long-term operational stability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we employ l-glutamic acid dibenzyl ester 4-toluenesulfonate (GADET) to simultaneously modulate the hole transport layer (HTL) and buried interface, which stabilizes the HTL and minimizes interfacial energy loss by immobilizing Li⁺, tBP, and halide ions and passivating dual interface defects. After forming Spiro-OMeTAD^•+TFSI^–, GADET impedes the Li⁺ ion diffusion through the ionic bond interaction of P-methylbenzenesulfonate anion and Li⁺, while the formation of the hydrogen bond of −NH₃⁺ with tBP can suppress the volatilization of tBP. Moreover, the halide ion migration and interfacial trap-induced nonradiative recombination are inhibited via passivating undercoordinated Pb and halide vacancy defects based on multiple chemical bonds. The synergistically modified devices achieve a champion efficiency of 25.06% (certified PCE of 24.08%). Meanwhile, the stability of PSCs was significantly improved.

中文翻译：

---

协同稳定空穴传输层和双界面可实现高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池

^{Li +}和卤离子的迁移和扩散以及4-叔丁基吡啶（tBP ）的挥发严重制约了n- i -p钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的长期运行稳定性。在此，我们采用L-谷氨酸二苄酯4-甲苯磺酸酯（GADET）同时调节空穴传输层（HTL）和埋入界面，通过固定Li ⁺、t BP 和卤离子来稳定HTL并最大限度地减少界面能量损失以及钝化双界面缺陷。 GADET形成Spiro-OMeTAD ^•+ TFSI ^–后，通过对甲基苯磺酸根阴离子与Li ⁺的离子键相互作用阻碍Li ^{+离子的扩散，而-NH} ₃ ⁺与t BP形成氢键则抑制挥发。 t BP。此外，通过钝化基于多重化学键的欠配位Pb和卤化物空位缺陷，可以抑制卤化物离子迁移和界面陷阱诱导的非辐射复合。经过协同改进的器件实现了 25.06% 的冠军效率（经认证的 PCE 为 24.08%）。同时，PSC的稳定性显着提高。