The main objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate how modifiable parental factors are related to traditional and cyberbullying victimization in children and adolescents. A systematic literature search of modifiable parental factors associated with bullying victimization was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the mean effect sizes of the associations between the broader categories of parental factors (risk and protective) and bullying victimization (traditional and cyber), as well as between specific parental factors and bullying victimization (traditional and cyber). The differential impact of maternal and paternal factors (risk and protective) was examined. Age and gender were tested as moderators. Out of the 13,171 records identified, 158 studies met the inclusion criteria. Larger evidence was found for the association between parental risk (i.e., authoritarian parenting, aversiveness, inter-parental conflict, over-involvement, permissive parenting, and withdrawal) and protective (i.e., authoritative parenting, autonomy granting, warmth, and monitoring) factors, respectively, and traditional bullying victimization, with parental warmth, aversiveness, and withdrawal being the only common related predictors for traditional and cyberbullying victimization. The effect sizes were generally small. Maternal and paternal factors showed similar patterns of association with both types of bullying victimization. Age had a moderating effect on the association between parental protective factors and cyberbullying victimization. Overall, the present findings suggest that parental factors are relevant in protecting or putting children at risk for bullying victimization, especially in the offline context.

这项荟萃分析的主要目的是调查可改变的父母因素与儿童和青少年的传统欺凌和网络欺凌受害之间的关系。使用 PubMed、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Web of Science 电子数据库对与欺凌受害相关的可改变的父母因素进行了系统的文献检索。进行荟萃分析以评估更广泛类别的父母因素（风险和保护）与欺凌受害（传统和网络）之间以及特定父母因素与欺凌受害（传统和网络）之间关联的平均效应大小。研究了母亲和父亲因素（风险和保护）的不同影响。年龄和性别作为调节因素进行了测试。在确定的 13,171 条记录中，有 158 项研究符合纳入标准。人们发现了更多的证据来证明父母风险（即专制养育、厌恶、父母间冲突、过度参与、纵容养育和退缩）和保护性（即权威养育、给予自主权、温暖和监控）因素之间的关联。分别与传统欺凌受害情况有关，其中父母的热情、厌恶和退缩是传统欺凌受害情况和网络欺凌受害情况唯一常见的相关预测因素。效应量一般都很小。母亲和父亲因素与两种类型的欺凌受害表现出相似的关联模式。年龄对父母保护因素与网络欺凌受害之间的关联有调节作用。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，父母因素与保护儿童或使儿童面临欺凌受害风险相关，尤其是在线下环境中。