Waste glass has been highly used in alkali activated materials, but the efflorescence behavior remains an intractable issue. This study investigates the effect of sodium aluminate as an activator to activate waste glass with the aim to mitigate the efflorescence behavior, and blast furnace slag is used as calcium source as well as to promote the early age strength. The gel structure (reaction product) was characterized by Si and Al NMR, subsequently the efflorescence behavior was investigated. Results show that sodium aluminate provides more , which acts as cross-linking agents, linking silicate tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional gel network. A longer mean chain length of gels increases hydrogen sites at end-chain Q silicate species, which can be replaced by cations along the silicate chain. The promoted formation of C(N)−A−S−H gel captures more Na in the pore solution, contributing to a limited Na leaching and higher resistance towards efflorescence.

中文翻译：

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铝酸钠活化废玻璃：通过 C(N)−A−S−H 转化减少风化行为

废玻璃已大量用于碱活化材料，但风化行为仍然是一个棘手的问题。本研究研究了铝酸钠作为活化剂活化废玻璃的效果，旨在减轻风化行为，并使用高炉矿渣作为钙源并提高早期强度。通过 Si 和 Al NMR 表征了凝胶结构（反应产物），随后研究了风化行为。结果表明，铝酸钠提供了更多的 ，作为交联剂，将硅酸盐四面体连接起来形成三维凝胶网络。凝胶平均链长较长会增加端链 Q 硅酸盐物种的氢位点，这些氢位点可以被硅酸盐链上的阳离子取代。促进 C(N)−A−S−H 凝胶的形成，捕获了孔隙溶液中更多的 Na，从而限制了 Na 的浸出并提高了对风化的抵抗力。