Directional liquid dynamics show significant interest across various fields, including energy, environmental remediation, water harvesting, microfluidics, and heat transfer. Nature creatures have developed remarkable abilities to manipulate liquid through their distinct surface structures and chemical compositions, offering valuable insights for human endeavors. Understanding the fundamental principles governing liquid dynamics at the interfaces of liquids, air, and solids is crucial for developing novel technologies and solutions in diverse domains. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of directional liquid dynamics in natural organisms, we can inspire innovative approaches for practical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of directional liquid dynamics by (1) exploring the fundamental principles governing liquid dynamics at interfaces, (2) introducing the underlying mechanisms of directional liquid dynamics in representative natural organisms, (3) presenting a range of innovations and applications inspired by natural phenomena, and (4) offering our insights into the current unresolved questions and persistent challenges within the realm of directional liquid dynamics on superwetting interfaces. By delineating these objectives, we aim to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this critical area and pave the way for future research and technological developments.

中文翻译：

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超润湿界面上的定向液体动力学

定向液体动力学在能源、环境修复、集水、微流体和传热等各个领域表现出浓厚的兴趣。自然界生物已经发展出通过其独特的表面结构和化学成分操纵液体的非凡能力，为人类的努力提供了宝贵的见解。了解控制液体、空气和固体界面液体动力学的基本原理对于开发不同领域的新技术和解决方案至关重要。通过阐明自然生物体中定向液体动力学的基本机制，我们可以激发实际应用的创新方法。本综述旨在通过以下方式提供对定向液体动力学的全面理解：（1）探索界面液体动力学的基本原理，（2）介绍代表性自然生物体中定向液体动力学的基本机制，（3）提出一系列创新以及受自然现象启发的应用，(4) 提供我们对超润湿界面定向液体动力学领域当前未解决的问题和持续挑战的见解。通过制定这些目标，我们旨在为这一关键领域的知识进步做出贡献，并为未来的研究和技术发展铺平道路。