In this letter, we propose a novel cosmological model-independent method to determine cosmic curvature, combining the recent measurements of transverse and line-of-sight directions in the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) with cosmic chronometers (CC) datasets. Considering that the CC dataset is discrete and includes only 32 measurements, we apply Gaussian process (GP) regression to fit the CC dataset and reconstruct them. Our methodology, which does not need the calibration or selection of any cosmological model, provide multiple measurements of spatial curvature () at different redshifts (depending on the redshift coverage of BAO dataset). For combination of all BAO data, we find that the constraint result on cosmic curvature is with 1 observational uncertainty. Although the measured is in good agreement with zero cosmic curvature within 1 confidence level, our result revels the fact of a closed universe. More importantly, our results show that the obtained measurements are almost unaffected by different priors of the Hubble constant. This could help solve the issue of the Hubble tension that may be caused by inconsistencies in the spatial curvature between the early and late universes.

中文翻译：

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使用无需校准的高斯过程回归和宇宙学模型对宇宙曲率进行多次测量


在这封信中，我们提出了一种新颖的独立于宇宙学模型的方法来确定宇宙曲率，将重子声振荡（BAO）中横向和视线方向的最新测量结果与宇宙天文钟（CC）数据集相结合。考虑到 CC 数据集是离散的并且仅包含 32 个测量值，我们应用高斯过程（GP）回归来拟合 CC 数据集并重建它们。我们的方法不需要校准或选择任何宇宙学模型，提供不同红移处的空间曲率 () 的多个测量（取决于 BAO 数据集的红移覆盖范围）。对于所有BAO数据的组合，我们发现对宇宙曲率的约束结果具有1个观测不确定性。尽管测量结果与 1 置信度内的零宇宙曲率非常吻合，但我们的结果揭示了封闭宇宙的事实。更重要的是，我们的结果表明，所获得的测量结果几乎不受哈勃常数的不同先验的影响。这可能有助于解决可能由早期宇宙和晚期宇宙之间的空间曲率不一致引起的哈勃张力问题。