Sea spray aerosols (SSA) greatly affect the climate system by scattering solar radiation and acting as seeds for cloud droplet formation. The ecosystems in the Arctic Ocean are rapidly changing due to global warming, and the effects these changes have on the generation of SSA, and thereby clouds and fog formation in this region, are unknown. During the ship-based Arctic Century Expedition, we examined the dependency of forced SSA production on the biogeochemical characteristics of seawater using an on-board temperature-controlled aerosol generation chamber with a plunging jet system. Our results indicate that mainly seawater salinity and organic content influence the production and size distribution of SSA. However, we observed a 2-fold higher SSA production from waters with similar salinity collected north of 81°N compared to samples collected south of this latitude. This variability was not explained by phytoplankton and bacterial abundances or Chlorophyll-a concentration but by the presence of glucose in seawater. The synergic action of sea salt (essential component) and glucose or glucose-rich saccharides (enhancer) accounts for >80% of SSA predictability throughout the cruise. Our results suggest that besides wind speed and salinity, SSA production in Arctic waters is also affected by specific organics released by the microbiota.

中文翻译：

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葡萄糖增强了北极东部水域盐度驱动的海喷雾气溶胶的产生


海洋喷雾气溶胶 (SSA) 通过散射太阳辐射并充当云滴形成的种子，极大地影响气候系统。由于全球变暖，北冰洋的生态系统正在迅速变化，这些变化对SSA的产生以及该地区云雾的形成有何影响尚不清楚。在船基北极世纪探险期间，我们使用带有俯冲喷射系统的船上温控气溶胶发生室，研究了强制SSA生产对海水生物地球化学特征的依赖性。我们的结果表明，主要是海水盐度和有机物含量影响SSA的产量和尺寸分布。然而，我们观察到，与在该纬度以南采集的样本相比，在 81°N 以北采集的盐度相似的水域中的 SSA 产量高出 2 倍。这种变异性不是由浮游植物和细菌丰度或叶绿素-a 浓度来解释的，而是由海水中葡萄糖的存在来解释的。海盐（基本成分）和葡萄糖或富含葡萄糖的糖类（增强剂）的协同作用占整个巡航期间 SSA 可预测性的 80% 以上。我们的结果表明，除了风速和盐度之外，北极水域的 SSA 产生还受到微生物群释放的特定有机物的影响。