Fear of negative evaluation and prosocial behavior have been identified as predictive factors influencing the development of loneliness in adolescence, representing typical factors in the cognitive and behavioral processes of re-affiliation. The elucidation of plausible direct and indirect pathways linking these pivotal factors to adolescents’ loneliness need further exploration. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between the fear of negative evaluation, prosocial behavior, and adolescents’ loneliness through the lens of developmental changes. A total of 533 adolescents (49.0% girls, M_age = 15.18 years, SD = 0.71) participated in this longitudinal study, assessed at three timepoints over a span of two years with 12-month intervals. Latent growth modeling uncovered direct associations between the developmental trajectories of both fear of negative evaluation and prosocial behavior with the developmental trajectory of adolescents’ loneliness. The developmental trajectory of fear of negative evaluation exhibited an indirect association with the developmental trajectory of loneliness through the mediating role of prosocial behavior. These findings highlighted the roles of cognitive and behavioral re-affiliation processes, both independently and as mediators, in influencing adolescent loneliness, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing fear of negative evaluation and promoting prosocial behavior could effectively mitigate adolescents’ loneliness.

对负面评价和亲社会行为的恐惧已被确定为影响青春期孤独感发展的预测因素，代表了重新归属的认知和行为过程中的典型因素。将这些关键因素与青少年孤独感联系起来的直接和间接途径的阐明需要进一步探索。本研究旨在通过发展变化的视角，探讨对负面评价的恐惧、亲社会行为和青少年孤独感之间的直接和间接关系。共有 533 名青少年（49.0% 为女孩，M_年龄 = 15.18 岁，SD  = 0.71）参与了这项纵向研究，在两年内的三个时间点进行评估，间隔 12 个月。潜在成长模型揭示了对负面评价和亲社会行为的恐惧的发展轨迹与青少年孤独感的发展轨迹之间的直接关联。对负面评价的恐惧的发展轨迹通过亲社会行为的中介作用表现出与孤独感的发展轨迹的间接关联。这些发现强调了认知和行为重新归属过程（无论是独立的还是作为中介）在影响青少年孤独感中的作用，表明旨在减少对负面评价的恐惧和促进亲社会行为的干预措施可以有效减轻青少年的孤独感。