Abstract. This paper presents an open-access data set of reanalysed radar reflectivities and rainfall rates at sub-kilometre spatial and minute temporal scales. Variability at these scales is a blind spot for both operational rain gauge networks and operational radar networks. In the urban area of Hamburg, precipitation measurements of a single-polarized X-band weather radar operating at high temporal (30 s), range (60 m), and azimuthal sampling (1°) resolutions are made available for a period of more than 8 years. We describe in detail the reanalysis of the raw radar data, outline the radar performance for the years 2013 to 2021, and discuss open issues and limitations of the data set. Several sources of radar-based errors were adjusted gradually, affecting the radar reflectivity and rainfall measurements, e.g. noise, alignment, non-meteorological echoes, radar calibration, and attenuation. The deployment of additional vertically pointing micro rain radars yields drop size distributions at the radar beam height, which effectively reduces errors concerning the radar calibration and attenuation correction and monitors the radar data quality. A statistical evaluation revealed that X-band radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are in very good agreement with the micro rain radar measurements. Moreover, the analyses of rainfall patterns shown for an event and accumulated rainfall of several months prove the quality of the data set. The provided radar reflectivities facilitate studies on attenuation correction and the derivation of further weather radar products, like an improved rainfall rate. The rainfall rates themselves can be used for studies on the spatial and temporal scales of precipitation and hydrological research, e.g. input data for high-resolution modelling, in an urban area. The radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are available at https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/LAWR_UHH_HHG_v2 (Burgemeister et al., 2024).

中文翻译：

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汉堡多年高分辨率 X 波段天气雷达观测数据的再分析

摘要。本文提出了一个开放获取的数据集，其中重新分析了亚公里空间和分钟时间尺度的雷达反射率和降雨率。这些尺度的变化是可操作的雨量计网络和可操作的雷达网络的盲点。在汉堡市区，单偏振 X 波段气象雷达以高时间（30 秒）、距离（60 m）和方位采样（1°）分辨率运行的降水测量可在更长时间内获得。超过8年。我们详细描述了对原始雷达数据的重新分析，概述了 2013 年至 2021 年的雷达性能，并讨论了数据集的未解决问题和局限性。逐渐调整了几个基于雷达的误差源，影响雷达反射率和降雨测量，例如噪声、对准、非气象回波、雷达校准和衰减。额外部署垂直指向微雨雷达，在雷达波束高度产生雨滴尺寸分布，有效减少雷达校准和衰减校正的误差，并监控雷达数据质量。统计评估显示，X 波段雷达反射率和降雨率与微雨雷达测量结果非常吻合。此外，对一次事件的降雨模式和几个月的累积降雨量的分析证明了数据集的质量。提供的雷达反射率有助于衰减校正的研究和进一步天气雷达产品的推导，例如改进的降雨率。降雨率本身可用于研究降水的空间和时间尺度以及水文研究，例如城市地区高分辨率建模的输入数据。雷达反射率和降雨率可在 https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/LAWR_UHH_HHG_v2 上获取（Burgemeister 等人，2024 年）。