The ocular lubrication, where the eyelid constantly slides on the curved corneal surface, is considered as one of primary lubrication systems in bio-tribology. Under reliable lubrication conditions, sensitive ocular tissues remain intact from fatigue damage during spontaneous blink cycles. The tear film, evenly filled between cornea and conjunctiva, is a biological fluid with dynamic adjustment ability, which provides superior lubrication with the friction coefficient of below 0.01. However, the lubrication failure may result in a variety of uncomfortable symptoms such as inflammatory reactions, tissue damage and neurological abnormalities. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the fundamental mechanism of ocular lubrication, which helps to alleviate and even recover from various ocular symptoms. This review firstly demonstrates that the ocular components, containing lipids and mucins, contribute to maintaining the lubrication stability of tear film. Furthermore, the ocular lubrication state in various physiological environments and the physical effect on tear film dynamics are further discussed. As typical applications, the therapeutic agents of dry eye syndrome and contact lens with superior lubrication effects are introduced and their lubrication mechanisms are clarified. Finally, this review summarizes a series of the latest research inspired by ocular lubrication. Overall, this work will provide a valuable guidance on the theoretical research and extensive applications in the field of biological lubrication.

眼润滑，即眼睑在弯曲的角膜表面上不断滑动，被认为是生物摩擦学中的主要润滑系统之一。在可靠的润滑条件下，敏感的眼组织在自发眨眼周期中保持完整，免受疲劳损伤。泪膜均匀地填充在角膜和结膜之间，是一种具有动态调节能力的生物液体，具有优异的润滑作用，摩擦系数低于0.01。然而，润滑失效可能会导致多种不适症状，如炎症反应、组织损伤和神经异常。因此，有必要阐明眼部润滑的基本机制，有助于缓解甚至恢复各种眼部症状。本综述首先证明，含有脂质和粘蛋白的眼部成分有助于维持泪膜的润滑稳定性。此外，还进一步讨论了各种生理环境下的眼部润滑状态以及对泪膜动力学的物理影响。作为典型应用，介绍了具有优异润滑效果的干眼症治疗剂和隐形眼镜，并阐明了它们的润滑机制。最后，这篇综述总结了一系列受眼部润滑启发的最新研究。总体而言，这项工作将为生物润滑领域的理论研究和广泛应用提供有价值的指导。