Wearable biomechanical energy harvesting devices have received a lot of attention recently, benefiting from the rapid advancement of theories and devices in the field of the micro electromechanical system (MEMS). They not only fulfil the requirements for powering wearable electronic devices but also provide an attractive prospect for powering self-powered flexible electronic devices when wearing. In this article, we provide a review of the theories and devices of biomechanical energy harvesting technology for wearable applications. Three different forms of biomechanical energy harvesting mechanisms, including the piezoelectric effect, electromagnetic effect, and electrostatic effect, are investigated in detail. The fundamental principle of converting other types of energy from the biomechanical environment into electrical energy, as well as the most commonly-used analytical theoretical models, are outlined for each process. Therefore, the features, properties, and applications of energy harvesting devices are summarized. In addition, the coupled multi-effect hybrid energy harvesting devices are listed, showing the various possibilities of biomechanical energy harvesting devices for serving as sources, sensors, and actuators. Finally, we present perspectives on the future trends of biomechanical energy harvesting devices for wearable electronics applications.

受益于微机电系统（MEMS）领域理论和器件的快速进步，可穿戴生物机械能量收集设备近年来受到广泛关注。它们不仅满足了为可穿戴电子设备供电的要求，而且为穿戴时为自供电柔性电子设备供电提供了诱人的前景。在本文中，我们回顾了可穿戴应用的生物力学能量收集技术的理论和装置。详细研究了三种不同形式的生物力学能量收集机制，包括压电效应、电磁效应和静电效应。每个过程概述了将其他类型的能量从生物力学环境转换为电能的基本原理，以及最常用的分析理论模型。因此，总结了能量收集装置的特点、性能和应用。此外，还列出了耦合的多效混合能量收集装置，展示了生物力学能量收集装置用作源、传感器和执行器的各种可能性。最后，我们对可穿戴电子应用的生物力学能量收集设备的未来趋势进行了展望。