The study aims to develop an eco-friendly solution for addressing contaminants in hospital wastewater. To achieve this, banana peel, a cost-effective and easily available agricultural waste, was chemically modified using sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The hospital wastewater was analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer to identify the presence of heavy metals. The physicochemical properties were measured and compared against the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the chemically modified banana peel. Batch adsorption was conducted with the wastewater using the prepared adsorbent. The effect of contact time, mixing rate, temperature, and adsorbent dosage was examined to know the removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The experimental design incorporates Taguchi OA design to optimize the process. The total heavy metals discovered in the wastewater were As, Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn and Zn. The percentage of Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb removed were 79.5%, 87.9%, 56.9%, 89.0%, 88.5% and 93.5%, respectively, at temperature, adsorbent dosage, mixing rate and contact time of 30 °C, 3 g, 700 rpm and 60 min, respectively. The physicochemical properties remain within the acceptable WHO range except the turbidity. At optimum point, the percentage removal of Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn were 64.3%, 80.5%, 51.4%, 82.3%, 72.4%, 86.6% and 72.1%, respectively; while, the conductivity, pH, TDS, and turbidity value were, respectively, 20.57 mS/cm, 6.8, 10.16 mg/l, and 86.31 NTU. Characterization revealed the existence of active functional groups on the adsorbent surface enhancing the hospital wastewater treatment and change in its morphological structure after the treatment was noticed. In conclusion, the modified banana peel was effective for the treatment of hospital wastewater.

该研究旨在开发一种环保的解决方案来解决医院废水中的污染物。为了实现这一目标，使用硫酸和氢氧化钠对香蕉皮（一种经济有效且易于获得的农业废物）进行化学改性。使用原子吸收光谱仪对医院废水进行分析，以确定是否存在重金属。对理化性质进行了测量，并与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 制定的标准进行了比较。使用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱来表征化学改性的香蕉皮。使用制备的吸附剂对废水进行间歇吸附。检查接触时间、混合速率、温度和吸附剂剂量的影响，以了解吸附剂的去除效率。实验设计结合了田口OA设计来优化流程。废水中发现的重金属总量为As、Cd、Fe、Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Mn和Zn。在温度、吸附剂用量、混合速率和接触时间为30°时，Cd、Fe、Cu、Ni、Cr和Pb的去除率分别为79.5%、87.9%、56.9%、89.0%、88.5%和93.5% C、3 g、700 rpm 和 60 分钟。除浊度外，理化性质保持在 WHO 可接受的范围内。在最佳点，Cd、Fe、Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb和Zn的去除率分别为64.3%、80.5%、51.4%、82.3%、72.4%、86.6%和72.1%；电导率、pH值、TDS和浊度值分别为20.57 mS/cm、6.8、10.16 mg/l和86.31 NTU。表征表明，吸附剂表面存在活性官能团，增强了医院废水的处理能力，并且处理后其形态结构发生了变化。综上所述，改性香蕉皮对于医院废水的处理是有效的。