Since e-waste consists of intricate components with a high level of integration, disassembly is crucial for separating components to facilitate subsequent processing. Traditional crude disassembly (CD) involves major parts detachment (shell, electromotor, etc.) and causes incomplete separation between metals and nonmetals, necessitating subsequent complex metal refinement processes. In contrast, precise disassembly (PD) focuses on tiny component separation (screw, chip, etc.), obtaining reusable single metals to melting regeneration without requiring refinement. However, despite reduced environmental burdens from metal refinement and increased economic value of dismantled parts, the environmental–economic superiority of PD remains ambiguous, because there is higher energy input and labor costs during the dismantling process. Hence, this study evaluates dynamic environmental–economic impacts of upgrading CD to PD for five typical household appliances recycling, from material composition, economic benefits, and carbon emission aspects. The result reveals that PD increases the amount of reusable metals by 5.7%–140.2%, reduces carbon emissions by 393–1775 kg CO₂-equiv/t, and increases economic benefits by 5.12–8.11 USD/t. Dynamic analysis indicates that PD’s environmental–economic benefits will be further enhanced through scientific–technical advances and energy structure upgrades. Furthermore, the e-waste types and components most suitable for PD are confirmed. Overall, PD demonstrates superior environmental–economic advantages over CD. These findings provide guidance for disassembly upgrades to reduce carbon emissions and boost the circular economy.

中文翻译：

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电子垃圾回收从粗拆升级到精准拆解的动态环境经济影响分析

由于电子垃圾由复杂且高度集成的组件组成，拆卸对于分离组件以方便后续处理至关重要。传统的粗拆卸（CD）涉及主要部件的拆卸（壳体、电机等），导致金属和非金属之间的分离不完全，需要后续复杂的金属精炼工艺。相比之下，精确拆卸（PD）侧重于微小部件分离（螺钉、碎片等），获得可重复使用的单一金属，无需精炼即可熔化再生。然而，尽管金属精炼减少了环境负担并增加了拆解零件的经济价值，但PD的环境经济优势仍然不明确，因为拆解过程中的能源输入和劳动力成本较高。因此，本研究从材料成分、经济效益和碳排放方面评估了五种典型家电回收从 CD 升级到 PD 的动态环境经济影响。结果表明，PD使可重复利用金属量增加5.7%~140.2%，减少碳排放393~1775 kg CO ₂当量/吨，经济效益增加5.12~8.11美元/吨。动态分析表明，通过科技进步和能源结构升级，PD的环境经济效益将进一步提升。此外，还确定了最适合PD的电子垃圾类型和成分。总体而言，PD 比 CD 表现出更优越的环境经济优势。这些发现为拆卸升级以减少碳排放和促进循环经济提供了指导。