Successful nerve repair using bioadhesive hydrogels demands minimizing tissue–material interfacial mechanical mismatch to reduce immune responses and scar tissue formation. Furthermore, it is crucial to maintain the bioelectrical stimulation‐mediated cell‐signaling mechanism to overcome communication barriers within injured nerve tissues. Therefore, engineering bioadhesives for neural tissue regeneration necessitates the integration of electroconductive properties with tissue‐like biomechanics. In this study, we propose a stretchable bioadhesive based on a custom‐designed chemically modified elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) and a choline‐based bioionic liquid (Bio‐IL), providing an electroconductive microenvironment to reconnect damaged nerve tissue. The stretchability akin to native neural tissue was achieved by incorporating hydrophobic ELP pockets, and a robust tissue adhesion was obtained due to multi‐mode tissue–material interactions through covalent and noncovalent bonding at the tissue interface. Adhesion tests revealed adhesive strength ~10 times higher than commercially available tissue adhesive, Evicel®. Furthermore, the engineered hydrogel supported in vitro viability and proliferation of human glial cells. We also evaluated the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the engineered bioadhesive in vivo using a rat subcutaneous implantation model, which demonstrated facile tissue infiltration and minimal immune response. The outlined functionalities empower the engineered elastic and electroconductive adhesive hydrogel to effectively enable sutureless surgical sealing of neural injuries and promote tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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用于治疗神经损伤的可拉伸导电组织粘合剂

使用生物粘附水凝胶成功修复神经需要最大限度地减少组织-材料界面机械失配，以减少免疫反应和疤痕组织形成。此外，维持生物电刺激介导的细胞信号传导机制对于克服受损神经组织内的通讯障碍至关重要。因此，用于神经组织再生的工程生物粘合剂需要将导电特性与类组织生物力学相结合。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于定制设计的化学改性弹性蛋白样多肽（ELP）和胆碱基生物离子液体（Bio-IL）的可拉伸生物粘合剂，提供导电微环境来重新连接受损的神经组织。通过结合疏水性 ELP 袋实现了类似于天然神经组织的拉伸性，并且由于组织界面上通过共价和非共价键合的多模式组织-材料相互作用而获得了牢固的组织粘附。粘合测试显示粘合强度比市售组织粘合剂 Evicel® 高约 10 倍。此外，工程水凝胶支持人类神经胶质细胞的体外活力和增殖。我们还使用大鼠皮下植入模型评估了工程生物粘合剂的体内生物降解性和生物相容性，该模型证明了其易于组织浸润和最小的免疫反应。概述的功能使工程弹性和导电粘合水凝胶能够有效地实现神经损伤的无缝线手术密封并促进组织再生。