BackgroundGingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease among children and adolescents and is associated with disrupted host–microbiome homeostasis. Family is an important factor influencing the prevalence of gingivitis. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome, oral hygiene habits, and the salivary level of myeloid‐related protein (MRP)‐8/14 in children aged 7–12 years with gingivitis, periodontally healthy children, and their mothers.MethodsThis study included 24 children with gingivitis (including four sibling pairs) and 22 periodontally healthy children (including two sibling pairs) and their mothers. The whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, the variable V3–V4 region of the eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified, and sample library preparation was performed according to the Illumina protocol. The salivary levels of MRP‐8/14 were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsAlpha diversity of the salivary microbiome was considerably higher in gingivitis children and mothers of gingivitis children compared to healthy children and their mothers, respectively. Significant differences in beta diversity between healthy and gingivitis children, healthy children and their mothers, and gingivitis children and their mothers were detected. Overall, the number of common core amplicon sequence variants between children and their own mothers was significantly higher than between children and other mothers. The salivary MRP‐8/14 levels in children with gingivitis were significantly higher compared to healthy children; a similar tendency was also mentioned for mothers.ConclusionOur study underlines the importance of family as an essential factor influencing oral health.

中文翻译：

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牙龈炎儿童、健康儿童及其母亲的唾液微生物组和 MRP-8/14 水平

背景牙龈炎是儿童和青少年中最常见的牙周病，与宿主-微生物稳态破坏有关。家庭是影响牙龈炎患病的重要因素。在本研究中，我们调查了 7-12 岁牙龈炎儿童、牙周健康儿童及其母亲的唾液微生物组、口腔卫生习惯以及髓样相关蛋白 (MRP)‐8/14 的唾液水平。研究对象包括 24 名患有牙龈炎的儿童（包括四对兄弟姐妹）和 22 名牙周健康的儿童（包括两对兄弟姐妹）及其母亲。收集全唾液，提取DNA，扩增真细菌16S核糖体RNA基因的可变V3-V4区，并根据Illumina方案进行样本文库制备。通过ELISA分析唾液中MRP-8/14的水平。结果与健康儿童及其母亲相比，牙龈炎儿童和牙龈炎儿童母亲的唾液微生物组α多样性显着较高。检测到健康儿童与牙龈炎儿童、健康儿童与其母亲、牙龈炎儿童与其母亲之间的β多样性存在显着差异。总体而言，儿童与其母亲之间的共同核心扩增子序列变异的数量显着高于儿童与其他母亲之间的数量。牙龈炎儿童唾液MRP-8/14水平显着高于健康儿童；母亲也有类似的倾向。结论我们的研究强调了家庭作为影响口腔健康的重要因素的重要性。