Background

Female athletes are four to six times more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes. Jump-landing biomechanics are influenced by maturation, with post-pubertal female athletes at a heightened risk of ACL injuries.

Objective

The aim of our systematic review was to identify and summarise the current evidence regarding the changes in kinematic and kinetic risk factors associated with ACL injuries during jump-landing tasks in female athletes at various stages of maturity.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Scopus. Articles were included if they: (1) conducted the research on uninjured female athletes with no restriction on playing level/experience; (2) provided information regarding the stage of the maturity and the scale used for estimating the maturity status of the participants; and (3) reported a biomechanical risk factor associated with ACL injuries during jump-landing tasks across at least two different maturity groups (e.g. pre-pubertal vs post-pubertal).

Results

Sixteen articles involving 2323 female athletes were included in our review. A total of 12 kinematic and 8 kinetic variables were identified across these studies. Of the 12 kinematic variables reported in our review, we found strong evidence for higher peak knee abduction angle in post-pubertal female individuals compared with pre-pubertal girls (p < 0.05). With regard to the 8 kinetic variables, we found strong evidence for lower relative peak vertical ground reaction force, higher external knee abduction moment and internal rotation moment in post-pubertal compared with pre-pubertal athletes. The strength of evidence for the remaining kinematic and kinetic variables ranged from conflicting to moderate and, in some instances, could not be determined.

Conclusions

Our study provides an overview of the changes in biomechanical risk factors in female athletes during jump-landing tasks at various stages of maturity. We found moderate-to-limited evidence for most kinematic and kinetic variables, highlighting the need for further research.

中文翻译：

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不同成熟阶段下肢生物力学的变化及其对女运动员 ACL 损伤风险的影响：系统评价

背景

女运动员遭受前十字韧带 (ACL) 损伤的可能性是男运动员的四到六倍。跳跃着陆的生物力学受到成熟的影响，青春期后的女性运动员 ACL 受伤的风险更高。

客观的

我们系统评价的目的是确定和总结关于不同成熟阶段的女运动员在跳跃着陆任务中与 ACL 损伤相关的运动学和动力学危险因素变化的当前证据。

方法

在 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、EMBASE 和 Scopus 中进行了系统检索。符合以下条件的文章将被纳入：(1) 对未受伤的女运动员进行研究，对比赛水平/经验没有限制； （二）提供有关成熟度阶段和用于估计参与者成熟度状况的尺度的信息； (3) 报告了至少两个不同成熟群体（例如青春期前与青春期后）跳跃着陆任务期间与 ACL 损伤相关的生物力学风险因素。

结果

我们的综述中纳入了 16 篇涉及 2323 名女运动员的文章。这些研究总共确定了 12 个运动学变量和 8 个动力学变量。在我们的综述中报告的 12 个运动学变量中，我们发现了强有力的证据表明，与青春期前的女孩相比，青春期后女性个体的膝外展峰值角度更高（p  < 0.05）。关于8个动力学变量，我们发现与青春期前运动员相比，青春期后运动员的相对峰值垂直地面反作用力较低、膝外展力矩和内旋力矩较高的有力证据。其余运动学和动力学变量的证据强度从冲突到中等，在某些情况下无法确定。

结论

我们的研究概述了女运动员在不同成熟阶段的跳跃着陆任务中生物力学危险因素的变化。我们发现大多数运动学和动力学变量的中等至有限的证据，强调了进一步研究的必要性。