A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance to transplantable cancers and augmented responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Similarly, in humans, vitamin D–induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well as with immunity to cancer and increased overall survival. In mice, resistance is attributable to the activity of vitamin D on intestinal epithelial cells, which alters microbiome composition in favor of Bacteroides fragilis , which positively regulates cancer immunity. Our findings indicate a previously unappreciated connection between vitamin D, microbial commensal communities, and immune responses to cancer. Collectively, they highlight vitamin D levels as a potential determinant of cancer immunity and immunotherapy success.

中文翻译：

---

维生素 D 调节微生物组依赖性癌症免疫力

维生素 D 在免疫调节和癌症中发挥着重要作用。在这项工作中，我们报告说，维生素 D 可用性增加的小鼠对可移植癌症表现出更大的免疫依赖性抵抗力，并且对检查点封锁免疫疗法的反应增强。同样，在人类中，维生素 D 诱导的基因与免疫检查点抑制剂治疗反应的改善以及癌症免疫力和总体生存率的提高相关。在小鼠中，耐药性归因于维生素 D 对肠上皮细胞的活性，这会改变微生物组的组成，有利于脆弱拟杆菌，积极调节癌症免疫力。我们的研究结果表明，维生素 D、微生物共生群落和癌症免疫反应之间存在以前未被认识到的联系。总的来说，他们强调维生素 D 水平是癌症免疫力和免疫治疗成功的潜在决定因素。