Efficient use of humic acid (HA) for eco-friendly farming and environmental remediation requires further understanding of how targeted modification of HA affects the chemical structure of HA and thereby its effectiveness in enhancing soil quality. We developed novel selective modifiers (SMs) for extracting HA by codoping sodium and copper elements into the birnessite lattice. The structure of SMs was thoroughly examined, and the HAs extracted using SMs, referred to as SMHs, were subjected to a detailed evaluation of their functional groups, molecular weight, carbon composition, flocculation limits, and effectiveness in saline soil remediation. The results showed that replacing manganese with sodium and copper in SMs alters the valence state and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, SMHs exhibited increased acidic functional groups, a lower molecular weight, and transformed aliphatic carbon. Furthermore, the saline soil was improved through increased salt leaching and an optimized soil aggregate structure by SMHs. This research highlights the importance of targeted modification of HA and demonstrates the potential of these modifiers in improving soil quality for eco-friendly farming and environmental remediation.

中文翻译：

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选择性改性剂辅助腐植酸提取：对土壤质量提高的影响

有效利用腐植酸 (HA) 进行生态友好型农业和环境修复需要进一步了解 HA 的定向修饰如何影响 HA 的化学结构，从而影响其提高土壤质量的有效性。我们开发了新型选择性改性剂 (SM)，通过将钠和铜元素共掺杂到水钠锰矿晶格中来提取 HA。对 SM 的结构进行了彻底的检查，并对使用 SM 提取的 HA（简称 SMH）进行了详细评估，包括其官能团、分子量、碳组成、絮凝极限和盐渍土修复效果。结果表明，在 SM 中用钠和铜代替锰会改变价态和活性氧。相比之下，SMH 表现出增加的酸性官能团、较低的分子量和转化的脂肪族碳。此外，通过增加盐浸和SMHs优化土壤团粒结构，盐渍土得到了改善。这项研究强调了HA有针对性的改性的重要性，并展示了这些改性剂在改善土壤质量以实现生态友好型农业和环境修复方面的潜力。