Due to the moisture sensitivity of organic cations, the presence of adsorbed water (H₂O_ad) during the printing process in air tends to complicate the structure transformation and poses potential hazards to the long-term operational stability, particularly in alternating-cation interlayer layered halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells with a sophisticated organic cation composition. Here, H₂O_ad as a nucleation medium skillfully expanded the humidity processing window for scalable LHP solar cells, revealing the feasibility of the thermodynamically favored reaction pathways in promoting atomic layer deposition in direct contact with the perovskite films without damage. Moreover, the interfacial aging mechanism and inhibition of ion diffusion were comprehensively investigated. Finally, target devices based on GA(MA)₅Pb₅I₁₆ (n = 5) with effective areas of 0.09 cm² and 1.01 cm² exhibited impressive power conversion efficiencies of 21.0% and 19.7%, respectively, which are some of the highest values in the large-area 2D LHP devices. The target device maintained 93% of its initial efficiency over 170 days (4080 h) in an air environment, while further validating the scalability of our strategy on LHP modules with an area of 100 cm².

中文翻译：

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修复环境空气中打印的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池中湿度引起的界面退化

由于有机阳离子对湿气的敏感性，印刷过程中空气中吸附水（H ₂ O _ad）的存在往往会使结构转变复杂化，并对长期运行稳定性造成潜在危害，特别是在交替阳离子中间层中具有复杂有机阳离子成分的层状卤化物钙钛矿（LHP）太阳能电池。在这里，H ₂ O _ad作为成核介质巧妙地扩大了可扩展的 LHP 太阳能电池的湿度处理窗口，揭示了热力学有利的反应途径在促进原子层沉积与钙钛矿薄膜直接接触而不受损坏方面的可行性。此外，还全面研究了界面老化机制和离子扩散抑制。最后，基于 GA(MA) ₅ Pb ₅ I ₁₆ ( n = 5) 的目标器件（有效面积分别为 0.09 cm ²和 1.01 cm ^2）表现出令人印象深刻的功率转换效率，分别为 21.0% 和 19.7%，这是一些大面积二维 LHP 装置中的最高值。目标器件在空气环境中170天（4080小时）内保持了93%的初始效率，同时进一步验证了我们的策略在面积为100 cm ²的LHP模块上的可扩展性。