OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effects of a 5:2 regimens diet (2 days per week of energy restriction by formula diet) or an exercise (2 days per week of high-intensity interval training and resistance training) intervention compared with routine lifestyle education (control) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This two-center, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited 326 participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes and randomized them into 12 weeks of diet intervention (n = 109), exercise intervention (n = 108), or lifestyle education (control) (n = 109). The primary outcome was the change of glycemic control measured as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between the diet or exercise intervention groups and the control group after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS The diet intervention significantly reduced HbA1c level (%) after the 12-week intervention (−0.72, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.48) compared with the control group (−0.37, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.15) (diet vs. control −0.34, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.11, P = 0.007). The reduction in HbA1c level in the exercise intervention group (−0.46, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.23) did not significantly differ from the control group (exercise vs. control −0.09, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.15, P = 0.47). The exercise intervention group was superior in maintaining lean body mass. Both diet and exercise interventions induced improvements in adiposity and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the medically supervised 5:2 energy-restricted diet could provide an alternative strategy for improving glycemic control and that the exercise regimen could improve body composition, although it inadequately improved glycemic control.

中文翻译：

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5:2 方案：能量限制饮食或小量高强度间歇训练结合抗阻运动对超重/肥胖和 2 型糖尿病成人血糖控制和心脏代谢健康的影响——三组随机对照试验

目的 我们旨在检验 5:2 饮食方案（每周 2 天的配方饮食能量限制）或运动（每周 2 天的高强度间歇训练和阻力训练）干预与常规生活方式教育的效果（控制）对超重/肥胖和 2 型糖尿病成人的血糖控制和心脏代谢健康的影响。研究设计和方法 这项两中心、开放标签、三臂、平行组、随机对照试验招募了 326 名患有超重/肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的参与者，并将他们随机分为 12 周的饮食干预组 (n = 109)，运动干预（n = 108），或生活方式教育（对照）（n = 109）。主要结局是 12 周干预后，饮食或运动干预组与对照组之间以糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c) 衡量的血糖控制变化。结果 与对照组（-0.37，95% CI -0.60 至 -0.15）相比，饮食干预在 12 周干预后显着降低了 HbA1c 水平（%）（-0.72，95% CI -0.95 至 -0.48）。与对照 -0.34，95% CI -0.58 至 -0.11，P = 0.007）。运动干预组 HbA1c 水平的降低（-0.46，95% CI -0.70 至 -0.23）与对照组没有显着差异（运动与对照组 -0.09，95% CI -0.32 至 0.15，P = 0.47 ）。运动干预组在维持去脂体重方面表现更佳。饮食和运动干预均能改善肥胖和肝脂肪变性。结论 这些研究结果表明，医学监督下的 5:2 能量限制饮食可以为改善血糖控制提供替代策略，并且运动养生法可以改善身体成分，尽管它不足以改善血糖控制。