It is widely acknowledged that dietary habits have profound impacts on human health and diseases. As the most important sweeteners and energy sources in human diets, hexoses take part in a broad range of physiopathological processes. In recent years, emerging evidence has uncovered the crucial roles of hexoses, such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose, in controlling the differentiation or function of immune cells. Herein, we reviewed the latest research progresses in the hexose-mediated modulation of immune responses, provided in-depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms, and discussed the unresolved issues in this field. Owing to their immunoregulatory effects, hexoses affect the onset and progression of various types of immune disorders, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immune evasion. Thus, targeting hexose metabolism is becoming a promising strategy for reversing immune abnormalities in diseases.

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甜味调节——己糖的新兴免疫调节作用

众所周知，饮食习惯对人类健康和疾病有着深远的影响。作为人类饮食中最重要的甜味剂和能量来源，己糖参与广泛的病理生理过程。近年来，新的证据揭示了己糖（例如葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖和半乳糖）在控制免疫细胞的分化或功能中的关键作用。本文综述了己糖介导的免疫反应调节的最新研究进展，深入分析了其潜在机制，并讨论了该领域尚未解决的问题。由于其免疫调节作用，己糖影响各种类型免疫疾病的发生和进展，包括炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤免疫逃避。因此，针对己糖代谢正在成为逆转疾病免疫异常的有前途的策略。