ObjectiveDoes whole trait theory work for character strengths? This study examines the daily within‐ and between‐person variability of the manifestations of positively valued lower‐order personality characteristics, namely character strengths, their convergence with trait character strengths, and their relationships to daily measures of affect.BackgroundManifestations of personality traits vary both between‐ and within people. So far, research has focused on between‐person differences in character strengths, while within‐person differences have been neglected.MethodsGerman‐speaking participants (N = 199, 84.3% women; mean age = 26.0 years) participated in a two‐week daily diary study. They completed a baseline measure of character strength traits and daily measures of character strength states and positive and negative affect.ResultsResults suggested that character strength traits converged well with aggregated states. Further, we observed high within‐person variability in most character strengths. The trait‐state convergence and the amount of within‐person variability were predicted by whether the character strengths were rather phasic (i.e., more dependent on situational characteristics) or rather tonic (i.e., less dependent on situational characteristics). Higher within‐person variability in character strengths was related to trait levels of perspective, honesty, social intelligence, and fairness. Regarding relationships between character strengths and affect, within‐person associations were widely parallel to previously reported between‐person associations and largely independent of trait levels of character strengths.ConclusionThese findings inform research on whole trait theory and character–strengths‐based interventions.

中文翻译：

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性格优势特征、状态和情绪健康：每日日记研究

目标整体特质理论对性格优势有效吗？本研究考察了积极评价的低阶人格特征（即性格优势）表现的日常内部和人与人之间的变异性，它们与特质性格优势的融合，以及它们与日常情感测量的关系。背景人格特质的表现各不相同人与人之间和人内部。到目前为止，研究主要集中在性格优势的人与人之间的差异，而忽略了人与人之间的差异。方法德语参与者（氮= 199 人，84.3% 为女性；平均年龄 = 26.0 岁）参加了为期两周的每日日记研究。他们完成了性格强度特征的基线测量以及性格强度状态以及积极和消极情感的日常测量。结果结果表明，性格强度特征与聚合状态很好地融合。此外，我们观察到大多数性格优势存在很大的人内差异。特质状态的趋同性和人内变异的程度是通过性格优势是阶段性的（即更多地依赖于情境特征）还是强性的（即更少地依赖于情境特征）来预测的。性格优势的较高个体差异与视角、诚实、社交智力和公平等特质水平有关。关于性格优势和情感之间的关系，人内关联与之前报道的人与人之间的关联非常相似，并且在很大程度上独立于性格优势的特质水平。结论这些发现为整体特质理论和基于性格优势的干预措施的研究提供了信息。