Sodium and fluid restriction has traditionally been advocated in patients with heart failure (HF) due to their sodium and water avid state. However, most evidence regarding the altered sodium handling, fluid homeostasis and congestion-related signs and symptoms in patients with HF originates from untreated patient cohorts and physiological investigations. Recent data challenge the beneficial role of dietary sodium and fluid restriction in HF. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines have gradually downgraded these recommendations over time, now advising for the limitation of salt intake to no more than 5 g/day in patients with HF, while contemplating fluid restriction of 1.5–2 L/day only in selected patients. Therefore, the objective of this clinical consensus statement is to provide advice on fluid and sodium intake in patients with acute and chronic HF, based on contemporary evidence and expert opinion.

中文翻译：

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心力衰竭中的膳食钠和液体摄入量。 ESC 心力衰竭协会临床共识声明


由于心力衰竭 (HF) 患者对钠和水的渴求状态，传统上提倡限制钠和液体的摄入。然而，大多数关于心力衰竭患者钠处理、液体稳态和充血相关体征和症状改变的证据都来自未经治疗的患者队列和生理学调查。最近的数据对饮食钠和液体限制在心力衰竭中的有益作用提出了质疑。因此，随着时间的推移，欧洲心脏病学会心力衰竭指南逐渐降低了这些建议的级别，现在建议心力衰竭患者将盐摄入量限制为每天不超过 5 克，同时考虑仅将液体摄入量限制为 1.5–2 升/天在选定的患者中。因此，本临床共识声明的目的是根据当代证据和专家意见，为急性和慢性心力衰竭患者提供液体和钠摄入量的建议。