Silicon is the dominant material in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging devices because of its outstanding electrical and optical properties, well-established fabrication methods, and abundance in nature. However, with the ongoing trend toward electronic miniaturization, which demands smaller pixel sizes in CMOS image sensors, issues, such as crosstalk and reduced optical efficiency, have become critical. These problems stem from the intrinsic properties of Si, particularly its low absorption in the long wavelength range of the visible spectrum, which makes it difficult to devise effective solutions unless the material itself is changed. Recent advances in optical metasurfaces have offered new possibilities for solving these problems. In this study, we propose color arrestor pixels (CAPs) as a new class of color image sensors whose composite spectral responses directly mimic those of the human eye. The key idea is to employ linearly independent combinations of standardized color matching functions. These new basis functions allow our device to reproduce colors more accurately than the currently available image sensors with red-green-blue filters or other metasurface-based sensors, demonstrating an average CIEDE2000 color difference value of only 1.79 when evaluating 24 colors from the Gretag-Macbeth chart under standard illuminant D65. Owing to their high fidelity to the human eye response, CAPs consistently exhibit exceptional color reproduction accuracy under various spectral illumination compositions. With a small footprint of 860 nm height and 221 nm full-color pixel pitch, the CAPs demonstrated high absorption efficiencies of 79 %, 81 %, and 63 % at wavelengths of 452 nm, 544 nm, and 603 nm, respectively, and good angular tolerance. With such a high density of pixels efficiently capturing accurate colors, CAPs present a new direction for optical image sensor research and their applications.

中文翻译：

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用于高保真、高灵敏度成像传感器的彩色逮捕像素

硅因其出色的电学和光学特性、完善的制造方法以及自然界中的丰富性而成为互补金属氧化物半导体 (CMOS) 成像设备的主要材料。然而，随着电子小型化趋势的持续发展，要求 CMOS 图像传感器的像素尺寸更小，串扰和光学效率降低等问题已变得至关重要。这些问题源于硅的固有特性，特别是它在可见光谱的长波长范围内的低吸收，这使得除非改变材料本身，否则很难设计出有效的解决方案。光学超表面的最新进展为解决这些问题提供了新的可能性。在这项研究中，我们提出颜色捕捉像素（CAP）作为一种新型彩色图像传感器，其复合光谱响应直接模仿人眼的光谱响应。关键思想是采用标准化颜色匹配函数的线性独立组合。这些新的基本功能使我们的设备能够比当前具有红绿蓝滤镜的图像传感器或其他基于超表面的传感器更准确地再现颜色，在评估来自 Gretag 的 24 种颜色时，平均 CIEDE2000 色差值仅为 1.79标准光源 D65 下的麦克白图。由于其对人眼响应的高保真度，CAP 在各种光谱照明组合下始终表现出卓越的色彩再现精度。 CAP 的占地面积小，高度为 860 nm，全色像素间距为 221 nm，在 452 nm、544 nm 和 603 nm 波长下分别表现出 79%、81% 和 63% 的高吸收效率，并且具有良好的性能。角度公差。凭借如此高的像素密度，有效捕捉准确的颜色，CAP 为光学图像传感器的研究及其应用提供了新的方向。