Prior research has documented an association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology. However, much of this research has been limited to samples of men. To address this important gap in the research, the aim of this study was to determine the association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among a gender-diverse sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults. Data from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors (N = 2,719) were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to estimate the association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, clinical risk for muscle dysmorphia, and lifetime anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use, among the overall sample and stratified by gender. Conformity to masculine gender norms was positively associated with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, clinical risk for muscle dysmorphia, and lifetime AAS use among the sample. Moreover, findings were similar among boys and young men, girls and young women, and transgender/gender-expansive participants. Findings underscore the relevance of masculine gender norms in relation to the pursuit of muscularity among adolescents and young adults. Future research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the link between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology across genders.

先前的研究已经记录了遵守男性性别规范与肌肉畸形症状之间的关联。然而，这项研究大部分仅限于男性样本。为了解决研究中的这一重要差距，本研究的目的是确定加拿大青少年和年轻人的性别多样化样本中遵守男性性别规范与肌肉畸形症状之间的关联。对加拿大青少年健康行为研究 ( N  = 2,719) 的数据进行了分析。回归分析用于估计总体样本中男性性别规范的符合性与肌肉畸形症状、肌肉畸形的临床风险以及终生合成代谢雄激素类固醇 (AAS) 使用之间的关联，并按性别分层。样本中符合男性性别规范与肌肉畸形症状、肌肉畸形临床风险以及终生使用 AAS 呈正相关。此外，男孩和年轻男性、女孩和年轻女性以及跨性别/性别扩张参与者的研究结果相似。研究结果强调了男性性别规范与青少年和年轻人追求肌肉发达的相关性。未来的研究需要探索男性性别规范的顺从性与跨性别肌肉畸形症状之间联系的具体机制。