To investigate the effects of environment, composition, and crystal orientation on incipient surface alteration of forsterite and fayalite in a natural environment, polycrystalline forsterite and fayalite samples were emplaced in Mg/Fe-rich and Al-poor ultramafic soils under subarctic (Tablelands in Newfoundland, Canada; 3.9 ⁰C and ∼120 cm precipitation/year), Mediterranean (Klamath Mountains, California;≤12.8 ⁰C and ∼101-118 cm precipitation/year), and desert (Pickhandle Gulch, Nevada; ∼14.1 ⁰C and ∼14.4 cm/year) climates for one year. Incipient alteration after one year was examined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

中文翻译：

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嵌入的镁橄榄石和铁橄榄石的早期溶解记录了气候、矿物成分和晶体取向的影响

为了研究自然环境中环境、成分和晶体取向对镁橄榄石和铁橄榄石早期表面蚀变的影响，将多晶镁橄榄石和铁橄榄石样品放置在亚北极地区富镁/铁和贫铝的超镁铁质土壤中（纽芬兰高地） ，加拿大；3.9 ⁰C 和 ∼120 cm 降水量/年）、地中海（加利福尼亚州克拉马斯山脉；≤12.8 ⁰C 和 ∼101-118 cm 降水量/年）和沙漠（内华达州 Pickhandle 峡谷；∼14.1 ⁰C 和 ∼14.4 cm /year）一年的气候。使用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、电子背散射衍射、X射线光电子能谱以及可见光和近红外反射光谱检查一年后的初期变化。