Purinergic P2 receptors, which can be divided into ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors, mediate cellular signal transduction of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphate. Based on the wide expression of purinergic P2 receptors in tissues and organs, their significance in homeostatic maintenance, metabolism, nociceptive transmission, and other physiological processes is becoming increasingly evident, suggesting that targeting purinergic P2 receptors to regulate biological functions and signal transmission holds significant promise for disease treatment. This review highlights the detailed mechanisms by which purinergic P2 receptors engage in physiological and pathological progress, as well as providing prospective strategies for discovering clinical drug candidates. The purinergic P2 receptors regulate complex signaling and molecular mechanisms in nervous system, digestive system, immune system and as a result, controlling physical health states and disease progression. There has been a significant rise in research and development focused on purinergic P2 receptors, contributing to an increased number of drug candidates in clinical trials. A few influential pioneers have laid the foundation for advancements in the evaluation, development, and of novel purinergic P2 receptors modulators, including agonists, antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions and combination strategies, despite the different scaffolds of these drug candidates. These advancements hold great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes by specifically targeting purinergic P2 receptors.

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全面了解嘌呤能 P2 受体对疾病的潜在作用：涉及的信号通路和潜在的治疗方法

嘌呤能P2受体可分为离子型P2X受体和代谢型P2Y受体，介导嘌呤或嘧啶核苷三磷酸和二磷酸的细胞信号转导。基于嘌呤能P2受体在组织和器官中的广泛表达，其在稳态维持、代谢、伤害性传递和其他生理过程中的重要性日益明显，这表明靶向嘌呤能P2受体来调节生物功能和信号传递具有重要前景用于疾病治疗。这篇综述重点介绍了嘌呤能 P2 受体参与生理和病理进展的详细机制，并为发现临床候选药物提供了前瞻性策略。嘌呤能 P2 受体调节神经系统、消化系统、免疫系统中复杂的信号传导和分子机制，从而控制身体健康状态和疾病进展。针对嘌呤能 P2 受体的研究和开发显着增加，导致临床试验中的候选药物数量增加。尽管这些候选药物的支架不同，但一些有影响力的先驱者为新型嘌呤能 P2 受体调节剂（包括激动剂、拮抗剂、药物组合物和联合策略）的评估、开发和发展奠定了基础。这些进步通过专门针对嘌呤能 P2 受体来改善治疗效果具有巨大潜力。