Bioplastics appear as an alternative to fossil fuel-derived plastics because bioplastics are carbon neutral and often biodegradable, thus potentially solving the issues of plastic pollution and climate change. In particular, polylactic acid is a substitute for traditional petrochemical-based polymers. Here, we review polylactic acid production with focus on surface modification and integration of bioactive compounds. Surface can be modified by chemical treatment, photografting, surface entrapment, plasma treatment, and coating. Bioactive compounds can be incorporated by encapsulation, impregnation, melt blending, solvent casting, electrospinning, and in situ polymerization. Biomedical and packaging applications are discussed.

生物塑料似乎是化石燃料塑料的替代品，因为生物塑料是碳中性的并且通常可生物降解，从而有可能解决塑料污染和气候变化问题。特别是，聚乳酸是传统石化聚合物的替代品。在这里，我们回顾了聚乳酸的生产，重点关注表面改性和生物活性化合物的整合。表面可以通过化学处理、光接枝、表面截留、等离子处理和涂层进行改性。生物活性化合物可以通过封装、浸渍、熔融共混、溶剂浇铸、静电纺丝和原位聚合来掺入。讨论了生物医学和包装应用。