Stable isotopes are effective proxy indicators for past climate and environment changes. Paleolimnological hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have been used to reconstruct changes in precipitation isotopes and continental climates. However, the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope records from lakes are rarely compared and integrated directly to study past changes in climate and environment due to their different fractionation pathways. Combined studies on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes would provide much more information than single isotope records. Here, we reanalyzed published lacustrine hydrogen and oxygen isotope records across the Tibetan Plateau, to investigate how both isotope records reveal the influences of the Indian summer monsoon and the westerlies on the Plateau throughout the Holocene. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the first principal component (PC1) of 16 lacustrine hydrogen isotope records resembles that of 28 oxygen isotope records. The PC1s of the hydrogen and oxygen isotope records were generally low at 12–6 ka BP, followed by gradual increase since 6 ka BP, suggesting the influence of the Indian summer monsoon. Reconstruction of Holocene precipitation isotopes showed that the slopes of segmented precipitation isotope lines generally followed changes in monsoon intensity. The PC2s for hydrogen and oxygen isotope records remained relatively low at ∼8–4 ka BP, coinciding with moisture variation in westerlies dominated regions. The millennial-scale variations in both hydrogen and oxygen isotope records, revealed by the PC3-PC6, likely responded to the ice drift events in the North Atlantic Ocean, as well as differences in the isotope fractionation pathways at specific sites. The reanalysis of stable hydrogen and oxygen records across the Tibetan Plateau suggests that the water vapor source is the most important factor affecting the isotope variation, though the isotopic fractionation processes may differ significantly. Our results revealed nonlinear variations of monsoon and westerlies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene. This review shows that integration of the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope records would provide comprehensive understanding of the atmospheric circulation on the Tibetan Plateau.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原全新世古湖泊学氢氧同位素记录整合

稳定同位素是过去气候和环境变化的有效代理指标。古湖泊学氢和氧同位素已被用来重建降水同位素和大陆气候的变化。然而，由于其分馏途径不同，湖泊中的稳定氢和氧同位素记录很少被直接比较和整合来研究过去的气候和环境变化。对氢和氧同位素的联合研究将提供比单一同位素记录更多的信息。在这里，我们重新分析了已发表的青藏高原湖泊氢和氧同位素记录，以研究这两种同位素记录如何揭示整个全新世印度夏季风和西风带对青藏高原的影响。主成分分析（PCA）显示，16个湖相氢同位素记录的第一主成分（PC1）与28个氧同位素记录的第一主成分（PC1）相似。氢、氧同位素记录的PC1在12~6 ka BP时普遍较低，6 ka BP后逐渐升高，表明受到印度夏季风的影响。全新世降水同位素重建表明，分段降水同位素线的斜率总体上跟随季风强度的变化。氢和氧同位素记录的 PC2 仍然相对较低，约为 8-4 ka BP，与西风主导地区的水分变化一致。 PC3-PC6 揭示的氢和氧同位素记录的千年尺度变化可能是对北大西洋冰漂事件以及特定地点同位素分馏路径差异的响应。对青藏高原稳定氢和氧记录的重新分析表明，尽管同位素分馏过程可能存在显着差异，但水汽源是影响同位素变化的最重要因素。我们的结果揭示了全新世青藏高原季风和西风的非线性变化。本综述表明，稳定氢和氧同位素记录的整合将有助于全面了解青藏高原的大气环流。