The discovery of graphene sparked significant interest in 2D materials, which present an ultra-thin layered structure with high anisotropy and adjustable energy-band structure. Interestingly, it opens the door for the development of the 2D materials family, which includes different classes of 2D materials. Among them, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and transition metal carbide MXenes (TMCs) have emerged. TMDs have unique layered structures, low cost, and are composed of earth abundant elements, but their poor electronic conductivity, poor cyclic stability, their structural and morphological changes during electrochemical measurements hinder their practical use. Recently, TMC MXenes have garnered attention in the 2D material world, but the issue of restacking and aggregation limits their direct use in large-scale energy conversion and storage. To address these challenges, hetero structures based on conductive TMCs MXenes and electrochemically active TMDs have emerged as a promising solution. However, understanding the solid/solid interface in heterostructured materials remains a challenge. To tackle this, 2D single component crystals with high capacity, low diffusion barrier, and good electronic conductivity are highly sought. The emergence of transition metal carbo-chalcogenides (TMCCs) has provided a potential solution, as these 2D nanosheets consist of TMXC, where TM represents transition metal, X is either S or Se, and C atom. This new class of 2D materials serves as a remedy by avoiding the challenges related to solid/solid interfaces often encountered in heterostructures. This review focuses on the latest developments in TMCCs, including their synthetic strategies, surface/interface engineering, and potential application in batteries, water splitting, and other electro-catalytic processes. The challenges and future perspectives of the design of TMCCs for electrochemical energy conversion and storage are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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超越 mxenes 和 TMD 的新兴二维材料：过渡金属碳硫属化物

石墨烯的发现引发了人们对二维材料的极大兴趣，该材料呈现出具有高各向异性和可调节能带结构的超薄层状结构。有趣的是，它为二维材料系列的开发打开了大门，其中包括不同类别的二维材料。其中，出现了过渡金属二硫属化物（TMD）和过渡金属碳化物MXene（TMC）。 TMD具有独特的层状结构、成本低廉、由地球丰富的元素组成，但其电子导电性差、循环稳定性差、电化学测量过程中结构和形态的变化阻碍了其实际应用。最近，TMC MXenes在2D材料领域引起了人们的关注，但重新堆叠和聚集的问题限制了它们在大规模能源转换和存储中的直接使用。为了应对这些挑战，基于导电 TMC MXene 和电化学活性 TMD 的异质结构已成为一种有前景的解决方案。然而，了解异质结构材料中的固/固界面仍然是一个挑战。为了解决这个问题，人们迫切需要具有高容量、低扩散势垒和良好电子导电性的二维单组分晶体。过渡金属碳硫属化物（TMCC）的出现提供了一种潜在的解决方案，因为这些二维纳米片由TMXC组成，其中TM代表过渡金属，X是S或Se，以及C原子。这种新型二维材料可以作为一种补救措施，避免异质结构中经常遇到的与固体/固体界面相关的挑战。本综述重点关注 TMCC 的最新发展，包括其合成策略、表面/界面工程以及在电池、水分解和其他电催化过程中的潜在应用。还讨论了用于电化学能量转换和存储的 TMCC 设计的挑战和未来前景。